Drainage Engineering

Teacher

Mr. Subhankar Debnath

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Drainage Engineering

Code(Credit) : CUTM1138(1-1-0)

Course Objectives

  • To make students familiar with salinity and water logging situations prevailing in agricultural lands and measures to mitigate them

Learning Outcomes

  • Students would be able to design suitable surface and sub-surface drainage pipes for agricultural lands and would be introduced to computer models for designing the drainage pipes

Course Syllabus

Module I Basics of Agricultural Drainage

Water logging- causes and impacts;

Drainage, objectives of drainage, familiarization with the drainage problems of the state

Module II Drainage for Salt Control

Salt balance, reclamation of saline and alkaline soils,
leaching requirements, conjunctive use of fresh and saline water

Module III Surface  Drainage Systems

Surface drainage coefficient, types of surface drainage, design of
surface drains;

Practice

  • In-situ measurement of hydraulic conductivity by single auger hole and inverse auger hole method;
  • Estimation of drainage coefficients;
  • Determination of drainable porosity; design of surface drainage systems;

Module IV Subsurface Drainage Systems

Sub-surface drainage: purpose and benefits, investigations of design parameters hydraulic conductivity, Drainable porosity, water table;

Derivation of Hooghoudt’s and Ernst’s drain spacing equations; design of subsurface drainage system;

Practice

  • Installation of piezometer and observation wells;
  • Preparation of iso-bath and isobar maps;
  • Design of subsurface drainage systems;
  • Design of gravel envelop;

Suggested Reading

  • NRCS Part 650 (Engineering Field Handbook): Chapter 14
  • Bhattacharya AK and Michael AM. 2013. Land Drainage, Principles , Methods and Applications. Vikas Publication House, Noida (UP)
  • Ritzema H.P.1994 Drainage Principles and Applications, ILRI Publication
  • Murty and Jha. Land and Water Management Engineering

Session Plan

Session 1

Drainage: Definition
Water logging Problem
Causes of water logging

PDF: Introduction to land drainage

PDF: Land drainage system

Youtube: Drainage for Reclamation of Waterlogged Saline Soils – India

Session 2

Salinity problems
Water and salt stress coefficient

PDF: Salt problem in Soil and Water_1

PDF: Salt problem in Soil and Water_2

Youtube: Saline Soils

Youtube: Fixing Saline Soils

Session 3

Quality of Irrigation water,
Reclamation of salt

PDF: Salt problem in Soil and Water

Session 4

Different layout of surface drainage system
Drainage coefficient
Introduction to sub-surface drainage

PDF: Design of Surface Drainage Systems

PDF: Introduction to sub-surface drainage

Youtube: Surface drainage system design-1

Youtube: Surface drainage system design-2

Youtube: Drainage Coefficients

Practice (5.5 hr)

  • In-situ measurement of hydraulic conductivity by single auger hole and inverse auger hole method;
  • Estimation of drainage coefficients;
  • Determination of drainable porosity; design of surface drainage systems;

Session 5

Subsurface Drainage Design Parameters
Subsurface Drainage Coefficient
Hydraulic conductivity
Drainable Porosity
Steady flow to drains

PDF: Investigation of Drainage Design Parameters

PDF: Steady-State Flow to Drains

Youtube: Drain Tile Basics

Practice (2 hr)

  • Installation of piezometer and observation wells;
  • Preparation of iso-bath and isobar maps;

Session 6

Dupuit's assumptions
Hooghoudt's Equation

PDF: Hooghoudt Equation

Practice (1 hr)

  • Design of subsurface drainage systems;

Session 7

Earnst's equation
Different cases of tile-drainage placement

PDF: Ernst Equation

Practice (1 hr)

  • Design of subsurface drainage systems;

Session 8

Unsteady flow to drains
De-zew Helinga Theorem
Gloverdum equation

PDF: Unsteady State flow to drains

Session 9

Design of pipe/ tile drainage system
Spacing and depth
Gravel pack design

PDF: Design of Pipe Drainage

Practice (2 hr)

  • Design of gravel envelop;

Session 10

Materials for pipe drainage system

PDF: Materials for Pipe Drainage Systems

Practice (1 hr)

  • Cost analysis of surface and sub-surface drainage system

Case Studies

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