Subject code : BSRT1203
Subject type : 3+1+0
Credit: 4
Course Objectives
- Introduction to the use of ionizing radiation for the management of cancer.
- To get exposure to different types of clinical radiation generators.
- Use of radioactive sources for the management of malignant and non-malignant diseases.
- To know different areas of cancer management using advanced types of equipment.
Learning Outcomes
- Use of modern linear accelerator and radioactive sources for the treatment of cancer.
- Handling of different radiotherapy equipment with proper care.
- The mechanism of interaction of ionizing radiation with the matter.
- Students will come to know the different techniques and procedures used in radiotherapy.
- They will know the advantages and side effects of radiation in cancer treatment.
- The quantification of radiation and use them in a regulated manner.
Unit-1
Orthovoltage equipment with special reference to physical design equipment of tube and its accessories and interlocks, gamma ray sources used radiotherapy especially cobalt 60 source its construction and source housing and handling mechanism.
Principles of isocentric Tele-isotope machines, megavoltage x-ray and electron beam accelerators and betatron.
Practics: - Demonstration of isocentric Tele-isotope machines. Demonstration of megavoltage x-ray.
Unit-2
Salient features of components of Linear Accelerator like tube design, wake guide, targetdesign, beam bending system.
Radio-frequency generators like magnetron and klestron.
Unit-3
Basic principle of remote after-loading system/machines and sources used. Principles of simulators and vacuum forming machines for making casts.
Sterofoam template cutting system introduction to radio-surgery. Equipment and dosimetry equipment.
Practice: - Practical study of electron beam accelerators and betatron.
Practical study about simulators and vacuum forming machines.
Suggested Reading
- Textbook of Radiotherapy by Faiz M Khan, publisher Lippincott William & wilkins
- Step by Step Management of Chemo and Radiotherapy by Krishan, publisher jaypee brothers
- Principle and Practice of Nuclear Medicine and Correlative Medical Imaging by Lele, publisher jaypee digital
Session Plan
Session 1
Introduction in Basic equipment in radiotherapy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3H1YDz9LeHw
https://www.slideshare.net/jdtomines/radiation-therapy
Session 2
Orthovoltage equipment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51jMJuX8Vmo
Session 3
Introduction, origin of X-rays, properties of X-rays
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49IQTu5ocWo
https://www.slideshare.net/HanumanDoke/x-ray-production-and-properties
Session 4
Physical design and working principle, characteristics of x-ray tube
https://www.slideshare.net/AmalAlYasiri/production-and-characteristics-of-xrays
Session 5
Assignment-1(2 hours)
Treatment delivery and handling of machines
https://www.slideshare.net/gangahealth/machinery-equipments-and-linen-gihs
Session 6
Introduction on Cobalt 60 Teletherapy Units
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I76nZzg7Njs
https://www.slideshare.net/OvaisUrRehman/cobalt-60
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tbt73zJbzWQ
Session 7
Source construction and characteristics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CuvIE-1Vxkc
Session 8
working principle and handling mechanism.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZsSdab4qh8
Session 9
Application
https://www.slideshare.net/abishadh/cobalt60-external-beam-radiation-therapy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5VUHWWjH2c
Session 10
Assignment-2(2 hours)
Check the accuracy of the mechanical parameters of equipment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pz6VZ8kvD1A
Session 11
Need of accelerator
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0quqM9T-HUM
https://www.slideshare.net/IshaMahar1/particle-accelerator-71329786
Session 12
Types of accelerator
https://www.slideshare.net/SanjayDubey18/chap1-intro-toacceleratorsfinal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iOI8PIosVU
Session 13
Construction and principle of working of betatran-(I)
https://www.slideshare.net/arssshad/betatron-ppt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99tZj5qYgUg
Session 14
Construction and principle of working of betatran-(II)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5n7U0NNb48s
Session 15
Assignment-3(2 hours)
Handling and maintenance of betatron.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6qKuRJDVX4
Session 16
Principle of acceleration,Target design
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hy9atKAqAf4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSgnWfbEx1A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzLyRvl3EyQ
Session 17
Wave guide design, Beam bending system.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJMxoWhJr4g
https://www.slideshare.net/velliangirii/linear-accelerators
Session 18
Application of Linear Accelerator
https://www.slideshare.net/InochiAshFull/linear-accelerator-73458214
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oD2B1Ba2N3U
Session 19
Magnetron Physical design and working principle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5DpYlnHT-0s
https://www.slideshare.net/RohitChoudhury1/magnetron-55879835
Session 20
Klystron Physical design and working principle.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsBTI3tO5-8
https://www.slideshare.net/pratishtha_ram/klystron-1
Session 21
Application of magnetron and klystron
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2HUGVTtQao
Session 22
Assignment-4(2 hours)
Handling and maintenance of linear accelerator
https://www.slideshare.net/AadityaSinha4/linac-ppt-118701486
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvBuArOTui4
Session 23
Principle in remote after-loading system/machines
https://www.slideshare.net/shashankbansal17/principals-of-braachytherapy-shk
Session 24
Working in remote after-loading system/machines
https://www.slideshare.net/crazzshs4243445/radioisotopes-and-dose-rates-used-for-brachytherapy
Session 25
Sources used in remote after-loading system/machines (I)
https://www.slideshare.net/hikikomorijcv18/brachytherapy-30581870
Session 26
Sources used in remote after-loading system/machines (II)
https://www.slideshare.net/raazvarma/brachytherapyar
Session 27
General properties and basic principle of radiotherapy simulator (I)
https://www.slideshare.net/AnilGupta112/principles-of-beam-direction-and-use-of-simulators-137953016
Session 28
General properties and basic principle of radiotherapy simulator (II)
https://www.slideshare.net/E_neutron/principles-methods-of-radiation-therapy
Session 29
Equipment’s for radiotherapy simulation and treatment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bLh-KPeeps
https://www.slideshare.net/vibhachaswal/radiotherapy-treatment-simulation
Session 30
Caste making equipment, Styrofoam cutter
https://www.slideshare.net/makhhi/importance-of-ctsimulator-in-radiotherapy-59193707
Session 31
Accessories for simulation.
https://www.slideshare.net/SubrataRoy4/immobilization-in-radiotherapy-96819911
Session 32
Assignment-5(2 hours)
Preparation of caste for simulation (I)
Session 33
Dosimetry Equipment’s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbcxFaWlKHQ
Session 34
Working principle of dosimetric equipments and dosimeters.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XIUWqOPEEc
https://www.slideshare.net/sailakshmipullookkar/dosimetry-concepts-and-dosimeters-44819984
Session 35
Working principle of dosimetric equipments and dosimeters(II)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn9eI0r4PXI
https://www.slideshare.net/Shanura/chapter3-radiation-dosimeters
Session 36
Assignment-6(2 hours)
Preparation of caste for simulation (II)
https://www.slideshare.net/vinayDesai12/basic-dosimetric-principle-and-dosimeters