Pharmaceutical chemistry-II (D.pharmacy)

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Lipsa samal

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Course Name : Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II

Code(Credit) : DCPY1202 (3-3-0)

Course Objectives

This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure, chemistry and therapeutic value of drugs.

Emphasizes on chemical synthesis of important drugs under each class

Learning Outcomes

write the structure, IUPAC name of drugs

chemical synthesis of some drugs

understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their pharmacological activity

understand the adverse effect and therapeutic value of drugs

Course Syllabus

MODULE-I

Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to hetero-cyclic system containing up to 3 rings.

MODULE-II

The chemistry of following pharmaceutical organic compounds covering their nomenclature, chemical structure, uses and the important physical and chemical properties(chemical structure of only those compounds marked with asterisk (*). The stability and storage conditions and the different type of pharmaceutical formulations of these drugs and their popular brand names.

Antiseptics and Disinfectants-Proflavine*, Benzalkonium chloride, Cetrimide, Phenol, chloroxylenol, Formaldehyde solution, Hexachlophene, Nitrofurantoin.

Sulphonamides- Sulphadiazine, Sulphaguanidine, Phthalylsulphathaizole, Succinylsulphathiazole, Sulphadimethoxine, Sulphamethoxypyridazine, Co-trimoxazole, sulfacetamide*

Antileprotic Drugs- Clofazimine , Thiambutosine, Dapsone*, solapsone,

Anti-tubercular Drugs- Isoniazid*, PAS*, Streptomycin, Rifampicin, Ethambutol*, Thiacetazone, Ethionamide, cycloserine, pyrazinamide*.

Antimoebic and Anthelmintic Drugs- Emetine, Metronidazole, Halogenated hydroxyquinolines, Diloxanide furoate, Paromomycin , Piperazine*, Mebendazole, D.E.C.*

Antibiotics- Benzyl penicillin*, Phenoxy methyl penicillin*, Benzathine penicillin, Ampicillin*, Cloxacillin, Carbencicillin, Gentamicin, Neomycin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Cephalexin, Cephaloridine, Cephalothin, Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol.

Antifungal agents- Udecylenic acid, Tolnaftate, Nystatin, Amphotericin, Hamycin.

Antimalarial Drugs-Chloroquine*,Amodiaquine, Primaquine, Proguanil, Pyrimethamine*, Quinine, Trimethoprim.

Tranquilizers-Chlorpromazine*, Prochlorperazine, Trifluoperazine, Thiothixene, Haloperiodol*, Triperiodol, Oxypertine, Chlordizepoxide, Diazepam*, Lorazepam, Meprobamate.

Hypnotics- Phenobarbitone*, Butobarbitone, Cylobarbitone, Nitrazepam, Glutethimide*, Methyprylon, Paraldehyde, Triclofosodium.

General Anaesthetics- Halothane*, Cyclopropane*, Diethyl ether*, Methohexital sodium, Thiopecal sodium, Trichloroethylene.

Antidepressant Drugs- Amitriptyline, Nortryptyline, Imperamine*, Phepelzine, Tranylcypromine.

Analeptics- Theophylline, Caffeine*, Coramine*, Dextro-amphetamine.

Adrenergic drugs- Adrenaline*, Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline*, Phenylephrine, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Ephedrne*, Pseudoephedrine.

Adrenergic antagonist- Tolazoline, Propranolol*, Practolol.

Cholinergic Drugs- Neostigmine*, Pyridostigmine, Pralidoxime, Pilocarpine, Physostigmine*

Cholinergic Antagonists- Atropine*, Hyoscine, Homatropine, Propantheline*, Benztropine, Tropicamide, Biperiden*.

Diuretic Drugs- Furosemide*, Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazidc*, Benzthiazide, Urea*, Mannitol*, Ethacrynic Acid.

Cardiovascular Drugs- Ethylnitrite*, Glyceryl trinitrate, Alpha methyldopa, Guanethidine, Clofibrate, Quinidine.

Hypoglycemie Agents- Insulin, Chlorpropamide*, Tolbutamide, Glibenclamide, Phenformin*, Metformin.

Coagulants and Anti coagulants- Heparin, Thrombin, Menadione*, Bisphydroxycoumarin, Warfarin sodium.

Local Anaesthetics- Lignocaine*, Procaine*, Benzocaine,

Histamine and anti Histaminic Agents- Histamine, Diphenhydramine*, Promethazine, Cyproheptadine, Mepyramine*, Pheniramine, Chlorpheniramine*,

Analgesics and Anti-pyretics-Morphine, Pethidine, Codeine, Mathadone, Aspirin*, Paracetamol, Analgin, Dextropropoxphene, Pentazocine.

Non-steriodal anti-inflammatory agents- Indomethacin*, Phenylbutazone*, Oxyphenbutazone, Ibuprofen.

Thyroxine and Antithyroids- Thyroxine*, Methimazole, Methyl thiouracil, Propylthiouracil.

Diagnostic Agents- Lopanoic Acid, Propyliodone, Sulfobromopthalein-sodium, Indigotindisulfonate, Indigo Carmine, Evans blue, Congo Red, Fluorescein sodium.

Anticonvulsants, cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmic, Antihypertensives & Vitamins. Steroidal Drugs- Betamethasone, Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Progesterone, Testosterone, Oestradiol, Nandrolone.

Anti-Neoplastic Drugs- Actinomycin, Azathioprie, Busulphan, Chloramubucil, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Daunorubicin Hydrochoride, Fluorouracil, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Mytomycin.

Reference Books

1.Pharmacopoeia of India

2. British Pharmaceutical codex

3. Martindale's Extra pharmacopoeia

4. pharmaceutical chemistry- II, Thakur publication

Session Plan

Session 1

Introduction to organic chemistry

introduction to organic chemistry pdf format

Session 2

Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems of simple compound- part 1

nomenclature 1 pdf

NOMENCLATURE PDF

Session 3

Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems of simple compound - part 2

nomenclature 1 pdf

NOMENCLATURE PDF

Session 4

Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems of simple compound - part 3

nomenclature 1 pdf

Session 5

Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to hetero-cyclic system containing up to 3 rings-  part 1

nomenclature_of_heterocyclic_compounds pdf

HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND PDF

Session 6

Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to hetero-cyclic system containing up to 3 rings-  part 2

nomenclature_of_heterocyclic_compounds pdf

Session 7

Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to hetero-cyclic system containing up to 3 rings-  part 3

nomenclature_of_heterocyclic_compounds pdf

Session 8

Antiseptics and Disinfectants- definition, classification and mechanism of action

ANTISEPTIC LINK

ANTISEPTIC INTRO PDF

Session 9

Proflavine, Benzalkonium chloride, Cetrimide, Phenol

LInk for antiseptic compounds

antiseptic individul compund 1 pdf

Session 10

chloroxylenol, Formaldehyde solution, Hexachlophene, Nitrofurantoin.

link 2- antiseptic compounds

antiseptic indivisual compound 2 pdf

Session 11

Sulphonamides- definition, classification and mechanism of action

sulphonamide link

sulphonamide intro pdf

Session 12

Sulphadiazine, Sulphaguanidine, Phthalylsulphathaizole, Succinylsulphathiazole

sulphonamide indivisual compund 1 pdf

Session 13

Sulphadimethoxine, Sulphamethoxypyridazine, Co-trimoxazole, sulfacetamide

sulphonamide individual compound 2 pdf

Session 14

Antileprotic Drugs- definition, classification and mechanism of action

antileprotic intro pdf

Session 15

Clofazimine , Thiambutosine, Dapsone*, solapsone

leprosy drug pdf

Session 16

Anti-tubercular Drugs- definition, classification and mechanism of action

antitubercular intro pdf

Session 17

Isoniazid*, PAS*, Streptomycin, Rifampicin

antitubercular drug pdf

Session 18

Ethambutol*, Thiacetazone, Ethionamide, cycloserine, pyrazinamide

antitubercular drug 2 pdf

Session 19

Antimoebic and Anthelmintic Drugs- definition, classification and mechanism of action

antiamoebic drug pdf

anthelminthic pdf

Session 20

Emetine, Metronidazole, Halogenated hydroxyquinolines

antiamoebic drug 1 pdf

Session 21

Diloxanide furoate, Paromomycin , Piperazine*, Mebendazole, D.E.C

antiamoebic drug 2 pdf

Session 22

Antibiotics-definition, classification and mechanism of action

antibiotic intro pdf

Session 23

Benzyl penicillin*, Phenoxy methyl penicillin*, Benzathine penicillin, Ampicillin

antibiotic drug 1 pdf

Session 24

Cloxacillin, Carbencicillin, Gentamicin, Neomycin

antibiotic drug 2 pdf

Session 25

Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Cephalexin, Cephaloridine

antibiotic drug 3 pdf

Session 26

Cephalothin, Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol

antibiotic drug 4 pdf

Session 27

Antifungal agents- definition, classification and mechanism of action

antifungal intro pdf

Session 28

Udecylenic acid, Tolnaftate, Nystatin, Amphotericin, Hamycin

antifungal drug 1 pdf

Session 29

Antimalarial Drugs-definition, classification and mechanism of action

antimarial intro pdf

Session 30

Chloroquine*,Amodiaquine, Primaquine, Proguanil

antimarial drug intro1 pdf

Session 31

Pyrimethamine*, Quinine, Trimethoprim

antimarial drug 2 pdf

Session 32

Tranquilizers- definition, classification and mechanism of action

tranquilizer intro pdf

Session 33

Chlorpromazine*, Prochlorperazine, Trifluoperazine, Thiothixene, Haloperiodol

tranuilizer drug 1 pdf

Session 34

Triperiodol, Oxypertine, Chlordizepoxide

trnquilizer drug 2 pdf

Session 35

Diazepam, Lorazepam, Meprobamate

tranqulilizer drug 3 pdf

Session 36

Hypnotics-definition, classification and mechanism of action

hypnotic intro pdf

Session 37

Phenobarbitone*, Butobarbitone, Cylobarbitone, Nitrazepam

hypnotic drug 1 pdf

Session 38

Glutethimide*, Methyprylon, Paraldehyde, Triclofosodium.

hypnotic drug 2 pdf

Session 39

Adrenergic drugs- definition, classification and mechanism of action

adrenergic intro pdf

Session 40

Adrenaline*, Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline*, Phenylephrine

adrenergic drug 1 pdf

Session 41

Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Ephedrne*, Pseudoephedrine

adrenergic drug 2 pdf

Session 42

Adrenergic antagonist- Tolazoline, Propranolol*, Practolol.

antiadrenergic drug pdf

Session 43

Analeptics- definition, classification and mechanism of action

analeptic intro pdf

Session 44

Theophylline, Caffeine*, Coramine*, Dextro-amphetamine

analeptic drug 1 pdf

Session 45

Antidepressant Drugs- definition, classification and mechanism of action

antidepressant drug intro pdf

Session 46

Amitriptyline, Nortryptyline, Imperamine*, Phepelzine, Tranylcypromine

antidepressant drug 1 pdf

Session 47

General Anaesthetics- definition, classification and mechanism of action

GA intro pdf

Session 48

Halothane*, Cyclopropane*, Diethyl ether

GA drug 1 pdf

Session 49

Methohexital sodium, Thiopecal sodium, Trichloroethylene

GA drug 2 pdf

Session 50

Cholinergic Drugs-definition, classification and mechanism of action

cholinergic intro pdf

Session 51

Neostigmine*, Pyridostigmine, Pralidoxime, Pilocarpine, Physostigmine

choli drug 1 pdf

Session 52

Cholinergic Antagonists- definition, classification and mechanism of action

anticholi intro pdf

Session 53

Atropine*, Hyoscine, Homatropine, Propantheline

anticholi drug 1 pdf

Session 54

Benztropine, Tropicamide, Biperiden

anticholi drug 2 pdf

Session 55

Diuretic Drugs- definition, classification and mechanism of action

diuretic intro pdf

Session 56

Furosemide*, Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide

diuretic drug 1 intro

Session 57

Benzthiazide, Urea*, Mannitol*, Ethacrynic Acid

diuretic drug 2 pdf

Session 58

Cardiovascular Drugs- definition, classification and mechanism of action

CVS Intro pdf

Session 59

Ethylnitrite*, Glyceryl trinitrate, Alpha methyldopa, Guanethidine, Clofibrate, Quinidine.

cvs drug 1 pdf

Session 60

Analgesics and Anti-pyretics-definition, classification and mechanism of action

analgesic intro pdf

Session 61

Morphine, Pethidine, Codeine, Mathadone, Aspirin

analgesic drug 1 pdf

Session 62

Paracetamol, Analgin, Dextropropoxphene, Pentazocine

analgesic drug 2 pdf

Session 63

Histamine and anti Histaminic Agents- definition, classification and mechanism of action

histamine intro pdf

Session 64

Histamine, Diphenhydramine*, Promethazine, Cyproheptadine

histamine drug 1 pdf

Session 65

Mepyramine*, Pheniramine, Chlorpheniramine.

histamine drug 2 pdf

Session 66

Local Anaesthetics- Lignocaine*, Procaine*, Benzocaine

LA pdf

Session 67

Coagulants and Anti coagulants-definition, classification and mechanism of action

coagulant intro pdf

Session 68

Heparin, Thrombin, Menadione*, Bisphydroxycoumarin, Warfarin sodium

coagulant drug pdf

Session 69

Hypoglycemie Agents-definition, classification and mechanism of action

hypoglycemic intro pdf

Session 70

Insulin, Chlorpropamide*, Tolbutamide, Glibenclamide, Phenformin*, Metformin.

hypoglycemic drug 1 pdf

Session 71

Non-steriodal anti-inflammatory agents- definition, classification and mechanism of action

NSAIDS intro pdf

Session 72

Indomethacin*, Phenylbutazone*, Oxyphenbutazone, Ibuprofen.

nsaid drug 1 pdf

Session 73

Thyroxine and Antithyroids-definition, classification and mechanism of action

thyroid drug pdf

Session 74

Methimazole, Methyl thiouracil, Propylthiouracil.

thyroid drug 1 pdf

Session 75

Diagnostic Agents-definition, classification and mechanism of action

diagnostic agent intro pdf

Session 76

Lopanoic Acid, Propyliodone, Sulfobromopthalein-sodium, Indigotindisulfonate

DA drug 1 pdf

Session 77

Indigo Carmine, Evans blue, Congo Red, Fluorescein sodium

DA drug 2 pdf

Session 78

Anticonvulsants- definition, classification and mechanism of action

anticonvulsant intro pdf

Session 79

Cardiac glycosides- definition, classification and mechanism of action

cardiac glycoside pdf

Session 80

Antiarrhythmic- definition, classification and mechanism of action

antiarythmia pdf

Session 81

Antihypertensives - definition, classification and mechanism of action

antihypertensive drug

Session 82

Vitamins - definition, Types and mechanism of action

vitamins pdf

Session 83

Steroidal Drugs- definition, Types and mechanism of action

steroidal drugs intro pdf

Session 84

Betamethasone, Cortisone, Hydrocortisone

steriod drug 1 pdf

Session 85

Prednisolone, Progesterone, Testosterone, Oestradiol, Nandrolone

steroid drug 2 pdf

Session 86

Anti-Neoplastic Drugs- definition, classification and mechanism of action

antineoplastic intro pdf

Session 87

Chloramubucil, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide

cancer 1 pdf

Session 88

Actinomycin, Azathioprie, Busulphan

cancer 2 pdf

Session 89

Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Mytomycin, Daunorubicin Hydrochoride, Fluorouracil.

cancer 3 drug pdf

PRACTICAL

SYLLABUS

  1. Systematic qualitative testing of organic drugs involving solubility determination, melting point and/or boiling point, detection of elements and functional groups (10 compounds).
  2. Official identification tests for certain groups of drugs included in the I.P. like barbiturates, sulfonamides, Phenothiazines, Antibiotics etc.(8 compounds).
  3. Preparation of three simple organic preparations.

BOOK REFERENCES

  1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-ii Theory And Practical- by Av Kasture,Sg Wadodkar
  2. Pharmaceutical chemistry- II laboratory manual- by Amrita Parle

Experiment 1

Determination of boiling point- fusion tube method

boiling point measurement link

Experiment 2

Determination of melting point- fusion tube method

melting point determination link

Experiment 3

Determination of extra element(acid)- lassaigne's test

pdf- lassaigne's test

Experiment 4

Determination of extra element(aldehyde)- lassaigne's test

pdf- lassaigne's test

Experiment 5

Determination of extra element(ester)- lassaigne's test

pdf- lassaigne's test

Experiment 6

Test for functional group- carbohydrate

pdf- functional group test

Experiment 7

Test for functional group- aldehyde and ketone

pdf- functional group test

Experiment 8

Test for functional group- carboxylic group

PDF- functional group test

Experiment 9

Test for functional group- phenolic group

PDF- functional group test

Experiment 10

Determination of solubility of drug- Aspirin

solubility determination link

Experiment 11

Determination of solubility of drug- antibiotics

solubility determination link

Experiment 12

Determination of solubility of drug- Sulphonamides

determine solubility link

Experiment 13

Identification test of drugs- Aspirin

PDF- ASPIRIN

Experiment 14

Identification test of drugs- barbiturate

BARBITURATE PDF

Experiment  15

Identification test of drugs- Sulphonamide

Experiment 16

Identification test of drugs- phenothiazine

Experiment 17

Identification test of drugs- cephalosporin

Experiment 18

Identification test of drugs- Azithromycin

Experiment 19

Identification test of drugs- metronidazole

Experiment 20

Identification test of drugs- penicillin

Experiment 21

Identification test of drugs- Paracetamol

PDF- PARACETAMOL

Experiment 22

Experiment 23

Preparation of picric acid

SYNTHESIS PF PICRIC ACID LINK

Experiment 24

Preparation of benzamide

BENZAMIDE SYNTHESIS LINK

Experiment 25

Preparation of Acetanilide

synthesis of acetanilide link

Case Studies

Case Studies

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