PHARMACEUTICS-II (Theory)

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Gyanaranjan Parida

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Core Courses

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Course Name : PHARMACEUTICS-II

Code(Credit) :DCPY1201(3-4-0)

Course Objectives

This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the preparatory pharmacy with arts and science of preparing the different conventional dosage forms.

Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
1. Know the history of profession of pharmacy
2. Understand the basics of different dosage forms, pharmaceutical incompatibilities and pharmaceutical calculations
3. Understand the professional way of handling the prescription
4. Preparation of various conventional dosage forms

Course Syllabus

1. Dispensing Pharmacy
i) Prescription – Reading and understanding of prescriptions, Latin terms commonly used (Detailed study is not necessary). Modern methods of prescribing, Adoption of merit system, Calculations involved in dispensing.
ii) Incompatibilities in prescription – Study of various types of
incompatibilities physical, chemical and therapeutic.
iii) Posology – Dosage and dosage of drug. Factors influencing dose,
Calculations of doses on the basis of age, sex and surface area. Veterinary doses.
2. Dispensed Medications:
(Note: A detailed study of the following dispensed medication is necessary:
Methods of preparation with theoretical and practical aspects), Use of appropriate containers and closures. Special labeling requirements and storage conditions should be high – lighted.
i) Powders– Type of powders, advantages and disadvantages of powders, Granules, Cachets and Tablet triturates. Preparation of different types of powders encountered in prescriptions, weighing methods, possible errors in weighing, minimum weighable amounts and weighing of a material below the minimum weighable of a material below the minimum weighable amount, geometric dilution and proper usage and care of dispensing balance.
ii) Liquid Oral Dosage forms:a. Monophasic– Theoretical aspects including commonly used vehicles essential adjuvant like stabilizers, colourants and flavours with examines.
Review on the following monophasic liquids with details of formulation and practical methods.
1.Liquids for Internal Administration: Mixtures and concentrates syrups ,Elixirs

2.Liquids for external administration or used on Mucous Membranes:Gargles,Mouth washes, Throat – paints, Douches,Ear Drops,Nasal drops & Sprays, Liniments,Lotions
b. Biphasic Liquid Dosage Forms
Suspensions (Elementary study) Suspension Containing diffusible
solids and liquids and their preparation. Study of the adjuvants used like thickening agents, wetting agents their necessity and quantity tobe incorporated./ suspensions of Precipitate forming liquid liketinctures their preparation and stability. Suspensions produced by chemical reaction. An introduction to flocculated/non-flocculated suspension system.
ii. Emulsion: Identification of emulsion systems, formulation of
emulsion, selection of emulsifying agents. Instabilities in emulsions.
Prevention of emulsions.
iii) Semi-Solid Dosage Forms:
a) Ointments – Types of Ointments, classification and selection of
dermatological vehicles.Preparation and stability of ointments by the
following process (i) Trituration, (ii) Fusion, (iii) Chemical reaction,(iv) Emulsification.

b) Pastes – Difference between ointments and pastes. Bases of pastes.
Preparation of pastes and their preservation.
c) Jellies – An introduction to the different types of jellies and their
preparation.
d) An elementary study of poultice.
e) Suppositories and pessaries– Their relative merits and demerits, types of suppositories, suppository bases, classification, properties,
preparation and packing of suppositories. Use of suppositories for drug absorption.
iv) Dental and cosmetic Preparations: Introduction to Dentifrices Facial cosmetics, Deodorants, Antiperspirants, shampoos, Hair dressing and Hair removers.
v) Sterile Dosage forms:
a) Parenteral dosage forms: Definition, General requirements for
parenteral dosage forms, types of parenteral formulations, vehicles, adjuvants processing, personnel, facilities and quality control. Preparation of Intravenous fluid and admixtures, total parenteral nutrition, Dialysis fluids.
b) Sterility testing, Particulate matter monitoring, Faulty seals, packaging.
c) Ophthalmic products – Study of essential characteristics of different ophthalmic preparations. Formulation additives, special precaution in handling and storage of ophthalmic products.

Session Plan

Session 1

Prescription- Reading and understanding of prescriptions

Prescription pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v879PPDLD_g

Session 2

Modern methods of prescribing, Adoption of merit system, Calculations involved in dispensing.

prescription pdf.

Session 11

Preparation of different types of powders encountered in prescriptions

powders-141123021031-conversion-gate01 pdf

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4385584/

Session 12

Geometric dilution and proper usage and care of dispensing balance.

powders-180713063111

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pE--p81JdHQ

Session 20

Suspensions produced bychemical reaction. An introduction to flocculated/non-flocculated suspension system

pharmaceuticalsuspensions-180217075557 PDF

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uxYTP4KrjE

Session 21

Suspensions produced bychemical reaction. An introduction to flocculated/non-flocculated suspension system

pharmaceuticalsuspensions-180217075557 PDF

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uxYTP4KrjE

Session 23

formulation of emulsion, selection of emulsifying agent

newmicrosoftofficepowerpointpresentation-PDF

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ComP7qDyusY

Session 24

Instabilities in emulsions. Preservation of emulsions.

newmicrosoftofficepowerpointpresentation-PDF

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JICGof25U4

Session 25

Session 26

Session 27

Session 30

Jellies – An introduction to the different types of jellies and their
preparation.

semisoliddosageformfordiploma-180924113501

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFHvwWV1RZw

Session 31

Session 36

packing of suppositories. Use of suppositories for drug absorption.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oWfQM_wIMg

suppositories

Session 39

Session 40

Session 41

Session 47

Parenteral dosage forms definition, General requirements for
parenteral dosage forms

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnQsUgILDcU

parentral route and formulation

Session 52

Session 55

Session 60

ophthalmic preparations. Formulation additives,

opthalmicproducts-170406051255

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QsV44fuf3M

Session 61

special precaution in handling and storage of ophthalmic products.

ophthalmicpptsrikanth-111025054831-phpapp01 (1)

Session 62

special precaution in handling and storage of ophthalmic products.

ophthalmicpptsrikanth-111025054831-phpapp01 (1)

Pratical Syllabus

Dispensing of  products covering a wide range of preparation such as mixtures, emulsions, lotions, liniments, E.N.T. preparation, ointment, suppositories, powder. Incompatible prescription etc.

Experiment-2-Paracetamol Elixir

Experiment-3- Mandal's throat paint

Books Recommended Latest Edition

1) Indian Pharmacopoeia.
2) British Pharmacopoeia.
3) National formularies (N.F.I., B.N.F.)
4) Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
5) Martindale’s Extra Pharmacopoeia.

Case Studies

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