Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Teacher

Dr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya

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Core Courses

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Course Name : Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Code(Credit) : CUTM1416(3-1-0)

Course Objectives

  • This course is very critical in imbibing the knowledge of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.
  • Through this course students will understand the importance of Phytochemistry which actually added therapeutic value to the Medicinal Plants.
  • This course enables analytical thinking of students which will help them in deducing and isolation of the vital phytochemical compounds.

Course Outcomes

  • COs Course outcomes Mapping COs with POs (High-3, Medium-2, Low-1)
    CO1 Acquire the knowledge about secondary metabolites apart from learning about phytochemistry of significant medicinal plants PO1-3, PO2-3, PO3-3, PO4-2, PO6-2
    CO2 Acquire and demonstrate competency in laboratory safety and in routine laboratory skills to do sensitive R&D experiments in future. PO1-3, PO2-3, PO3-3, PO4-3, PO5-2

Course Syllabus

Module I:

 

Concept note on commercial medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs); Collection, cultivation and trade of MAPs; Relationship between conservation sites and richness of MAPs; Commercial MAPs of India; Promoting medicinal plants cultivation as a tool for biodiversity conservation. Yield assessment and cost-benefit analysis; Role of National Medicinal Plant Board (NMPB) in Promotion of MAPs; Marketing of Medicinal Plants: Challenges and Strategies.

 

Practice 1: Preparation of extracts of Herbs by successive solvent extraction method to record the percentage yield.

 

Module II:

 

Methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural products; Various separation techniques used for isolation of natural products; Biosynthetic pathways; Primary metabolites, their examples; Secondary metabolites, various classes of secondary metabolites (e.g. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins etc.).

 

Practice 2: Detection of Phytoconstituents such as i) Alkaloids, ii) Steroids, Triterpenoids and their glylosides and Saponins iii) Flavonoids and their glycosides iv) Anthracene Glycosides v) Coumarins vi) Tannins by chemical tests and TLC methods.

 

 

 

Module III

 

Important therapeutic classes: Anti-diabetics, hepatoprotectives, immunomodulators, nutraceuticals, natural products for gynaecological disorders, anti-cancer, anti-viral (mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc.

 

Practice 3: Antimicrobial activity of some selected medicinal plants and antibiotics.

 

Module IV

 

Phytochemistry of Neem: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to alkaloids (nimbin, nimbolide etc.);

Photochemistry of Brahmi: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to bitters (bacosides)

Phytochemistry of Turmeric: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to phenols (curcuminoids);

Phytochemistry of Withania somnifera: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to steroids (withanolides).

 

Practice 4: Isolation and Purification of following natural products, (a)Piperine form Black Pepper, (b)Caffeine from Tea Powder, (c) Eugenol from Clove oil. Isolation of natural products by column chromatography.

 

Module V

 

Phytochemistry of Andrographis paniculata: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to bitters (andrographolides);

Phytochemistry of Ginger: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to phenols (gingerols);

Phytochemistry of Garlic: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to phenols (allicin);

Phytochemistry of Terminalia arjuna: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to triterpenes (arjunolic acid)

 

Practice 5: Extraction and estimation of volatile oils by Clevenger’s method (Hydro distillation method).

Practice 6: TLC figure print profiles of following medicinal plants with special emphasis on their marker compounds, (a) Withania somnifera, (b) Bacopa monnieri, (c) Curcuma longa, (d) Glycyrrhiza glabra

 

Module VI

 

Introduction: Definition, history, scope of Pharmacognosy in indigenous system of medicine

Sources of drugs: Biological, marine, mineral and modern techniques like plant tissue cultures as sources of drugs; Classification of drugs and natural origin: Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical and pharmacological classification of drugs; Demand and supply of crude drugs and their regulations with reference to trade and biodiversity

 

Module VII

Quality control and drug evaluation: Adulteration; Significance of Pharmacopoeia standards; Detection of adulteration by organoleptic, macroscopic and microscopic methods for detection of adulteration.

 

Text Books:

 

  1. Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, Kalia, A.N
  2. Pharmacognosy and Pharmaco biotechnology AshutoshKar
  3. PharmacognosyKokate, C.K A and Purohit, A.P

 

Reference Books:

 

  1. E-content:  www.nmpb.nic.in/
  2. Textbook of Pharmacognosy and PhytochemistryJarald, Edwin E. and Edwin JaraldSheeja
  3. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, Evans, W.C.

 

Practical Books:

Natural Products: Aa laboratory guide by Raphael Ikan, Academic Press.

Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate , Publisher: NiraliPrakashan

Pharmacognosy by Trease& Evans

Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry by VinodRangari

Chemistry of Natural Products: A Laboratory Handbook by Krishnaswamy NR.

Session Plan

Session 1

Session Plan

Session 1

Concept note on commercial medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). Collection, cultivation and trade of MAPs. Relationship between conservation sites and richness of MAPs.

https://www.slideshare.net/shalinipandey77985/medicinal-plants-27019694

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDCPiCXTs

Session 2

Commercial MAPs of India. Promoting medicinal plants cultivation as a tool for biodiversity conservation. Yield assessment and cost-benefit analysis

https://www.slideshare.net/ei1234/cultivation-and-processing-of-selected-medicinal-plants?qid=13fadee8-27f8-418d-940f-8ff23c44bb92&v=&b=&from_search=11

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae0U-VXPGPk&feature=emb_logo

Session 3

Session 5(Practical)

• Preparation of extracts of Herbs by successive solvent extraction method to record the percentage yield.
• Extraction and estimation of volatile oils by Clevenger’s method (Hydro distillation method).

Session 9

 Various classes of secondary metabolites (Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins)

 Session 10(Practical)

 • Detection of Phytoconstituents such as i) Alkaloids, ii) Steroids, Triterpenoids and their glylosides and Saponins iii) Flavonoids and their glycosides iv) Anthracene Glycosides v) Coumarins vi) Tannins by chemical tests and TLC methods.

Session 11

Various classes of secondary metabolites (lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins etc.).

II Phytopharmaceuticals_GVR_Lecture 3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufG3UUUHr0M

Session 12(Practical)

• Detection of Phytoconstituents such as Flavonoids and their glycosides iv) Anthracene Glycosides v) Coumarins vi) Tannins by chemical tests and TLC methods.

Session 13

Important therapeutic classes: anti-diabetics, hepatoprotectives, immunomodulators, nutraceuticals, natural products for gynecological disorders

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uk0MPsGvzMQ

Anti diabetic

Session 14

Anti-cancer, anti-viral (mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc.

anticancer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaZTlnDlnOA

Case Studies I

Phytochemistry of Neem: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to alkaloids (nimbin, nimbolide etc.)

https://www.slideshare.net/ShailendraShah1/2-azadriachata-indicaneem?qid=25bee632-971a-4206-b518-0db7375ea02f&v=&b=&from_search=78

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEVCQzoSqt4

Case Studies II

Phytochemistry of Brahmi: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to bitters (bacosides)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bv2O8Gi4ncQ

Case Studies III

Phytochemistry of Turmeric: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to phenols (curcuminoids)

https://www.slideshare.net/ssusera9ba27/spice-as-medicine-turmeric-curcuma-longa?qid=f6b9986b-a54f-4fa0-aeb1-39d298acf0fb&v=&b=&from_search=10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8Q5jDew_OI&feature=emb_logo

Case Studies IV

Phytochemistry of Withaniasomnifera: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to steroids (withanolides)

https://www.slideshare.net/NandhuLal/medicinal-plantsdill-aswagandha-kacholam?qid=6516cef9-5ee6-42e9-9da7-c757a146b678&v=&b=&from_search=4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJVAqAkDgQk

Case Studies V

Phytochemistry of Andrographis paniculata: General chemical class and identification tests, specific tests for markers, special reference to bitters (andrographolides)

https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/andrographolide-database?qid=1bf3b5d2-8675-481d-b118-e16c0db50a4e&v=&b=&from_search=13

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcrSDqe1Sb0

Case Studies VI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcrSDqe1Sb0

Practical Session IV

  • Isolation and Purification of following natural products, (a)Piperine form Black Pepper, (b)Caffeine from Tea Powder, (c) Eugenol from Clove oil.

Session 2

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Case Studies

Case Studies

Our Main Teachers

Dr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya

Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, School of Applied Science ( Bolangir Campus)
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Dr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya works as an Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, at the Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bolangir Campus, Odisha, India. He has received his M.Sc. (Life Science- Botany) and M.Phil (Life Sciences) from Sambalpur University, Orissa, India and B.Ed. from Singhania University, Rajasthan India. He qualified GATE-2007, CSIR-UGC NET LS -2008. He […]

Dr. Sagarika Parida has completed her research fellowship from NRRI, ICAR, Cuttack and has been awarded the Ph. D. degree in Botany from Utkal University. She has worked as Post Doctoral Fellow in IMMT, CSIR, Bhubaneswar. The focus of her research work has been on microbiology, integrated pest and disease management and herbal drug standardization […]