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On Completion of this course, the learner will be able to:
Module 1
Nature of light, light as electromagnetic oscillation, wave equation; ideas of sinusoidal oscillations, simple harmonic oscillation; transverse nature of oscillation; concepts of frequency, wavelength, amplitude and phase. Relationship between amplitude and intensity, Sources of light; Electromagnetic Spectrum.
Module 2
Polarized light; linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light, Intensity of polarized light; Malus’Law; polarizers and analysers; Methods of producing polarized light; Brewster’s angle, Polarisation by piles of plates.
Practice-1: Verification of Malus’ Law using a polarizer – analyser combination.
Module 3
Birefringence; ordinary and extraordinary rays, Nicol Prism, uses of Nicol prism as Analyser and Polariser
Practice-2: Demonstration of birefringence using Calcite crystals
Module 4
Coherence; interference; constructive interference, destructive interference; Theory of double slit interference, fringes; fringe width. Double slits, Newton’s rings
Practice-3: Newton’s rings
Module 5
Diffraction; Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit; multiple slit; Diffraction Grating; diffraction by a circular aperture; Airy’s disc. Resolution of telescope; Raleigh’s criterion.
Practice-4: Gratings – determination of grating constant using Sodium vapour lamp;
Practice-5: Determination of wavelengths of light from Mercury vapour lamp
Practice-6: Circular Apertures – measurements of Airy’s disc for apertures of various sizes
Practice-7: Measurement of the resolving power of telescopes
Module 6
Scattering; Raleigh’s scattering; Tyndall effect. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Basics of Lasers –coherence; population inversion; spontaneous emission; Einstein’s theory of lasers
Practice-8: Demonstration of fluorescence and phosphorescence using crystals and paints
Module 7
Radiometry; solid angle; radiometric units; photopic and scotopic luminous efficiency and efficacy curves; photometric units. Inverse square law of photometry; Lambert’s law. Other units of light measurement; retinal illumination;
Text Book:
Subrahmanyan N, BrijLal, A text book of Optics, S. Chand Co Ltd, New Delhi, India, 2003
Reference Books:
PREREQUISITES: Higher secondary level Mathematics and Physics
Nature of light –light as electromagnetic oscillation –wave equation;
You tube: https://youtu.be/pj_ya0e20vE
Animation: https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/light/nature-of-light/index.html#1.1
Study Material: https://www.slideshare.net/jonialbarico/the-nature-of-light-31122767
Ideas of sinusoidal oscillations –simple harmonic oscillation;
You tube: https://youtu.be/uM2HpLBVAkA
You tube: https://youtu.be/gZ_KnZHCn4M
Animation: https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/light/nature-of-light/index.html#1.2
Study Material: https://www.slideshare.net/Shishir2077/simple-harmonic-oscillator
Transverse nature of oscillation; concepts of frequency, wavelength, amplitude and phase.
You tube: https://youtu.be/yd-G6KYwzvA
Study Material: http://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/keph207.pdf
You tube: https://youtu.be/PD7mwFhNOtU
Animation: https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/light/nature-of-light/index.html#1.7
Relationship between amplitude and intensity.
You tube: https://youtu.be/dV7WqWIMl0o
Study material: http://muchomas.lassp.cornell.edu/p214/Notes/Interference/node6.html
Sources of light; Electromagnetic Spectrum.
You tube: https://youtu.be/1bpmI3wdqW8
You tube: https://youtu.be/InsO7lmpB_g
Study Material: https://www.slideshare.net/thelawofscience/light-em-spectrum-12842021
Polarized light; linearly polarized light; and circularly polarized light.
You tube: https://youtu.be/8YkfEft4p-w
Intensity of polarized light; Malus’Law; polarizers and analysers.
You tube: https://youtu.be/LpZre_KIDM0
You tube: https://youtu.be/gP751qpm4n4
Practice-1: Verification of Malus’ Law using a polarizer – analyser combination
You tube: https://youtu.be/OgImgIJgDA0
Methods of producing polarized light; Polarisation by reflection, Brewster’s angle.
You tube: https://youtu.be/tomdmqeWaMM
Nicol Prism, uses of Nicol prism as Analyser and Polariser.
You tube: https://youtu.be/5b6MDuU1J8U
Practice-2: Demonstration of birefringence using Calcite crystals
You tube: https://youtu.be/iRwagObFrPM
Coherence, interference, constructive interference, destructive interference.
You tube: https://youtu.be/CAe3lkYNKt8
Theory of double slit interference, fringes; fringe width.
Animation: https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/light/interference/index.html#4.5
You tube: https://youtu.be/MDX3qb_BMs4
Newton’s rings
Animation: https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/light/interference/index.html#4.2
You tube: https://youtu.be/PU-SeNfIRcs
You tube: https://youtu.be/EXCWsy0MTpw
Practice-3: Determination of wavelength of light using Newton’s rings
Diffraction, Types of diffraction, Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit
Animation: https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/light/diffraction/index.html#5.2
You tube; https://youtu.be/h9xx3pXFW-g
Diffraction Grating, grating spectrum, missing spectra
Animation: https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/light/diffraction/index.html#5.3
Practice-4: Gratings – determination of grating constant using Sodium vapour lamp.
Practice-5: Determination of wavelengths of light from Mercury vapour lamp.
Diffraction by a circular aperture, Airy’s disc
Animation: https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/light/diffraction/index.html#5.5
You tube: https://youtu.be/rmg1XyOSAk0
Practice-6: Circular Apertures – measurements of Airy’s disc for apertures of various sizes
Practice-7: Measurement of the resolving power of telescopes
You tube: https://youtu.be/CP4QgnZqqY8
Basics of Lasers –coherence; population inversion; spontaneous emission
You tube: https://youtu.be/2Oswmij538Q
Einstein’s theory of lasers
You tube:https://youtu.be/1LmcUaWuYao
You tube: https://youtu.be/hfR16hKX9UQ
Types of lasers: Ruby Laser, He-Ne Laser,
You tube: https://youtu.be/T94BbyYyNpg
You tube: Ruby Laser
You tube: He-Ne Laser
You tube: Semiconductor Laser
Photopic and scotopic luminous efficiency and efficacy curves
You tube: https://youtu.be/_Kt7SpSQDzQ
Photometric units. Inverse square law of photometry
You tube: https://youtu.be/hJvTxvaR5Lg
I am an Assistant Professor of Physics in the School of Applied Science, Paralakhemundi Campus of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. I have started teaching Physics from the year 1995 just after completion of my Post Graduate Degree from Berhampur University. I have more than six years of teaching experience at +2 level […]
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