Physics of Solids and Semiconductors

Teacher

Dr. Nibedita Nayak

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Physics of Solids and Semiconductors

Code(Credit) : CUTM1413(3-1-0)

Course Objectives

  • To learn about crystal structure, electronic and dielectric properties of solids.
  • To learn about basic properties of metals, insulators and semiconductors.
  • To learn about semiconductor physics and discuss working & applications of basic devices.

Learning Outcomes

After learning the course the students will able to

  • explain different types of crystal structures in terms of the crystal lattice and the basis of constituent atoms.
  • understand the origin of energy bands in solids.
  • explain the physical characteristics such as electronic structure and optical and transport properties, and current-voltage characteristics of semiconductors.
  • apply the knowledge of semiconductors to illustrate the functioning of basic electronic devices

Course Syllabus

Module-1

Structure of Solids

Bravais lattice, primitive unit cell, Wigner-Seitz cell, classification of 2- and 3-dimensional Bravais lattices, miller indices, Braggs law of X-ray diffraction   Atomic and geometric structure factors, Reciprocal lattice and Brillouin zone

Practice-1

V Lab: To study various crystals structures (or Using Biovia MS)

Module-II

Band Theory of Solids

Introduction to free electron theory, Bloch equation, Nearly free electron model. Kronig-Penny model, Effective mass

Practice-2

Determination of band gap of semiconductor by four probe method

Module-III

Lattice Dynamics

Classical theory of lattice vibration under harmonic approximation, Dispersion relations of one dimension lattices, Mono atomic and diatomic cases, Characteristics of different modes, Long wavelength limit.

Practice-3

Determination of thermal and electrical conductivity of metals (copper and silver)

Module-IV

Specific Heat

Lattice heat capacity, Debye and Einstein models-comparison with electronic heat capacity, Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity

Practice-4

Determination of specific heat of solids (copper, glass and lead)

Module-V

Dielectric Properties of Solids

Dielectric constant and polarizability (ionic, electronic and dipolar), local field, Claussius Mossotti relation, Complex dielectric constant and dielectric losses

Practice-5

Determination of dielectric constant of air, glass and polystyrenes

Module-VI

Magnetism and Superconductivity

Magnetic properties of solids, Quantum theories of dia, para and ferromagnetism, Superconductivity: Type-I and Type II superconductors, Meissner effect, London equation, BCS Theory

Module-VII

Semiconductors and Defects

Semiconductor and their types (P and N type) and insulator, Conductivity of semiconductor, Mobility, Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors, Defects and their classification, Frenkel and Schottky defects.

Practice-6

Study of Hall effect (Determination of nature of charge carriers in a semiconductor)

Text Books:

  1. Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel, Wiley.
  2. Principles of Semiconductor devices, Bart Van Zeghbroeck.

Reference Books:

  1. Solid State Physics, by N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin (Cornell University)
  2. Introduction to Solid State Physics,S. O. Pillai, New Age International-

Session Plan

Session 1

Session 4

Atomic and geometric structure factors

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSjZMDF9hp4

Session 6

Practice-1 (2 hours)

To study various crystals structures by V-Lab and by using Biovia Material Studio.

http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=282&sim=370&cnt=1

Session 7

Session 8

Nearly free electron model

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpX9sd7gVuc

Session 9

Session 10

Session 11

Practice-2 (2 hours)

Determination of band gap of semiconductor by Four Probe method /

Plotting the band diagram of different semiconductors using Biovia Material Studio

http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=282&sim=1512&cnt=1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0NGS978DWA

Session 12

Classical theory of lattice vibration under harmonic approximation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-iMIOb05ag

Session 13

Dispersion relations of one dimension monoatomic lattices

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qp07Xa-HZis

Session 14

Dispersion relations of one dimension diatomic lattices

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEUrum2Fl-0

Session 15

Characteristics of different modes, long wavelength limit

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2k-hnmDdp48

Session 16

Practice-3 (2 hours)

Determination of thermal and electrical conductivity of metals (copper and silver)

Session 17

Lattice heat capacity-Debye model

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYNXugi9FrY

Session 18

Einstein’s model of  heat capacity , comparison of Debye and Einstein model

Session 19

Drude model of electrical conductivity

Session 20

Drude model of thermal conductivity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EA9P8rUholE

Session 21

Practice-4 (2 hours)

Determination of specific heat of solids (copper, glass and lead)

Session 22

Dielectric constant and polarizability

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KTGdX951Z0

PDF Dielectrics

Session 25

Claussius Mossotti relation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Eg-U-M2B7c

Session 26

Complex dielectric constant and dielectric losses

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtIv25ltbH0

Session 27

Session 28

Magnetic properties of solids, quantum theories of diamagnetism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J66n5Tb-2_0

Session 30

Session 32

Types of semiconductors and insulator

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBzYQ_IZzwE

Session 33

Session 34

Session 36

Practice-6 (2 hours)

Study of Hall Effect (Determination of nature of charge carriers in a semiconductor)

Our Main Teachers

  Dr. Nibedita Nayak is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, Bhubaneswar Campus of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. She completed her Ph.D from Berhampur University in 2018. She is working on computational tools and new material development. She has more than six years of […]