PRINCIPALS AND PRACTICES OF WEED MANAGEMENT

Teacher

Dr Rajesh Kalasare

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PRINCIPALS AND PRACTICES OF WEED MANAGEMENT

AGRO 0503 (2-1-0)

Course Objectives

1) To familiarize the students about the weeds, crop -weed competition and critical period.

2) The main objectives of is to let learn the student about the management of weeds with different techniques.

CO - PO Mapping

       Cos                 Course Outcomes                                                           Mapping COs with POs

CO1                 The students will able  to identify different weeds learn the cycle of                                                PO1

weeds and crop weed competition.

CO2                Students will able to get depth knowledge of weed biology,                                                                PO1

modification of different plant parts and dispersal mechanism of weed

CO3                The  Students will get knowledge about different methods of weed management ,                       PO2

herbicides and their selectivity

Programme Outcomes

PSO1 : Impart knowledge and understanding of fundamental concepts and techniques of maintaining and enhancing soil fertility, crop production, crop management, crop improvement, biodiversity and sustainability of agriculture worldwide.

PSO2 : Develop the ability to know farming practices and their scope to improve in the rural areas and the environments.

PSO3 : Apply knowledge of basic science through Agricultural microbiology, Plant biochemistry and Biotechnology.

PSO4 : Apply knowledge of Agri-business management and finance to develop profitable agricultural system.

 

Course Syllabus

Theory

UNIT I Weed biology, and ecology and classification, crop-weed competition including allelopathy; principles and methods of weed control and classification management; weed indices, weed shift in different eco-systems

UNIT II Herbicides introduction and history of their development; classification based on chemical, physiological application and selectivity; mode and mechanism of action of herbicides.

UNIT III Herbicide structure - activity relationship; factors affecting the efficiency of herbicides; herbicide formulations, herbicide mixtures, sequential application of herbicides rotation; weed control through use of nano-herbicides and bio-herbicides, myco-herbicides bio- agents, and allelochemicals; movement of herbicides in soil and plant, Degradation of herbicides in soil and plants; herbicide resistance, residue, persistence and management; development of herbicide resistance in weeds and crops and their management, herbicide combination and rotation

UNIT IV Weed management in major crops and cropping systems; alien, invasive and parasitic weeds and their management; weed shifts in cropping systems; aquatic and perennial weed control; weed control in non-crop area.

UNIT V Integrated weed management; recent development in weed management- robotics, use of drones and aeroplanes, organic etc., cost: benefit analysis of weed management.

Practice

  • Identification of important weeds of different crops
  • Preparation of a weed herbarium
  • Weed survey in crops and cropping systems
  • Crop-weed competition studies, Weed indices calculation and interpretation with data
  • Calculation of herbicidal herbicide requirement
  • Use of various types of spray pumps and nozzles
  • Calculation of swath width, Economics of weed control
  • Preparation of spray solutions of herbicides for high and low-volume sprayers,
  • Herbicide resistance analysis in plant and soil
  • Bioassay of herbicide resistance residues

Suggested Reading

Zimdahl R. L., (ed). 2018. Integrated Weed Management for Sustainable Agriculture, B.D. Sci. Pub

Jugulan, Mithila, (ed). 2017.Biology, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Weeds. CRC Press

T.K. Das. 2008. Weed Science:Basics and Applications, Jain Brothers (New Delhi) Chauhan Bhagirath and Mahajan Gulshan.2014. Recent Advances in Weed Management. Springer

Fennimore, Steven A and Bell, Carl. 2014. Principles of Weed Control, 4th Ed, California Weed Sci. Soc.

Monaco, T. J. Weller, S. C. & Ashton, F. M. 2014. Weed Science Principles and Practices, Wiley

Gupta, O. P. 2007. Weed Management: Principles and Practices, 2nd Ed. Walia, U.S. 2006. Weed Management, Kalyani.

Böger, Peter, Wakabayashi, Ko, Hirai, Kenji (Eds.). 2002. Herbicide Classes in Development. Mode of Action, Targets, Genetic Engineering, Chemistry. Springer.

Powles, S. B. and Shaner, D. L. 2001. Herbicide Resistance and World Grains, CRC Press.

Session Plan

Session 1 (Lecture 1 - 5)

Weed biology, and ecology and classification, crop-weed competition including allelopathy; principles and methods of weed control and classification management; weed indices, weed shift in different eco-systems
introduction to weed

 Introduction to Weed

 Harmful and Beneficial Effects of Weeds on Ecosystem

Classification of Weeds

Reproduction and Dissemination of Weeds

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUyoyoLlXYg

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QC9oqot_XR8

Practice-1 (weed preservation and identification)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwoVC0e6nHo&t=36s

Session 2 (Lecture 6 - 11)

Herbicides introduction and history of their development; classification based on chemical, physiological application and selectivity; mode and mechanism of action of herbicides.

History of Herbicide

 Herbicides - Classification

Introduction to Mode of Action of Herbicides and Selectivity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1Vy4_yODw8

Practice 2 (Shift of weed flora)
shift of weed flora

Session 3( Lecture 12-15)

Herbicide structure - activity relationship; factors affecting the efficiency of herbicides; herbicide formulations, herbicide mixtures, sequential application of herbicides rotation;
Concept of Adjuvant, Surfactant, Herbicide Formulation and their Use

 Herbicide Mixture and Utility in Agriculture, Herbicide Compatibility with Agro-chemicals and their Application

Practice 3 (weed biology)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvnwhgDCwho

Session 4 (Lecture 16 - 20) 

weed control through use of nano-herbicides and bio-herbicides, myco-herbicides bio- agents, and allelochemicals; movement of herbicides in soil and plant

 Integration of Herbicides with Non-chemical Methods of Weed Management
Practice 4(weed survey, vegetation and losses)
weed loss studiesweed surveyweed vegetation

Session 5 (Lecture 21 - 25)

Degradation of herbicides in soil and plants; herbicide resistance, residue, persistence and management; development of herbicide resistance in weeds and crops and their management, herbicide combination and rotation

Herbicide Resistance and its Management

Transformation of Herbicide in Plant

L14 - Fate of Herbicides in Soil

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1Vy4_yODw8

Practice 5 (herbicide and agrochemicals)
herbicide and agrochemicals

Session 6(Lecture 26-29)

Weed management in major crops and cropping systems; alien, invasive and parasitic weeds and their management; weed shifts in cropping systems; aquatic and perennial weed control; weed control in non-crop area.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1Vy4_yODw8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtC14bq42aw

Practice 6 (Herbicide formulation and mixture)
herbicide formulation and mixture

Session 7(Lecture 30 -32)

Integrated weed management; recent development in weed management- robotics, use of drones and aeroplanes, organic etc., cost: benefit analysis of weed management.

herbicide mixture
IWM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OMcALg9t-Y

Practice 7 (Herbicide application methods)
herbicide application methods

Session 8

Practice 8 (Herbicide dose)
herbicide dose

Session 9

Bioassay of herbicide resistance residue

Bioassay of herbicides

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