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In thermodynamics, coldness is an energetic imbalance. In engineering, this imbalance results from the forced exchange of heat between two places. Refrigeration engineering deals with various procedures to produce coldness in many different areas of application. The basic procedures of refrigeration engineering are thermodynamic circle procedures, the energetic efficiency of which is constantly being improved thanks to modern refrigeration engineering. Especially important are compression refrigeration systems on the one and absorption refrigeration systems on the other hand. The energy that is needed for cooling is brought up via mechanical force in compression refrigeration systems, whereas in absorption refrigeration systems this heat energy is used. Refrigeration energy is used on a daily basis in many different fields. The food industry, air conditioning, medical technology and logistics are barely imaginable without it.
The basic procedures of refrigeration engineering are thermodynamic circle procedures, the energetic efficiency of which is constantly being improved thanks to modern refrigeration engineering. Especially important are compression refrigeration systems on the one and absorption refrigeration systems on the other hand. The energy that is needed for cooling is brought up via mechanical force in compression refrigeration systems, whereas in absorption refrigeration systems this heat energy is used. Refrigeration energy is used on a daily basis in many different fields. The food industry, air conditioning, medical technology and logistics are barely imaginable without it.
Refrigeration and Equipment Engineering
Theory
Fundamentals: Force, work, power, energy, volume, pressure, temperature. Heat, specific heat, sensible heat, latent heat, comparison between heat and work-A path function. Thermodynamics: Laws of Thermodynamics, Laws of perfect gases, Thermodynamic processes, Application of First and Second law of Thermodynamics in refrigeration, Thermodynamics cycle, entropy, enthalpy. Refrigeration: History of refrigeration, Definition, principle, classification, Types of refrigeration systems i.e., Air refrigeration, vapour absorption refrigeration system. Vapour compression refrigeration system. Refrigeration plant: Layout of refrigeration plant, Construction. Insulating materials used for the cold storage construction, Frozen product storage capacity of cold storage, usage of Ante-room. Refrigeration systems: Vapour compression refrigeration system advantages and disadvantages as compared toother refrigeration systems, Types of Vapour compression refrigeration cycles i.e., Theoretical Vapour compression refrigeration cycle, Actual refrigeration cycle. Compressors: Definition, Types of compressor, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages. Evaporator: Definition, Types of Evaporator, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages. Condenser: Definition, Types of Condenser, Cooling Towers, construction, working principle, advantages and disadvantages. Expansion valve: Definition, Types of Expansion valve, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages. Refrigerant: Primary refrigerant, secondary refrigerant, properties, ideal refrigerant, leakage detection. Study of auxiliary equipment: Receiver, oil charging, refrigerant charging, gas purging, oil draining, types of defrosting. Ice-plant: Ice plant planning Brine tank construction, preparation of brine ,Types of ice, Storing of ice, Equipments used in ice plants. Freezers: Definition, Design and construction of freezers i.e. Plate freezer, Blast freezer, Tunnel freezer, spray or immersion freezers, refrigerated fish rooms and fish hold. Alternative refrigeration technique arrangements used onboard the fishing vessel i.e., Refrigerated sea water (RSW), Chilled sea water (CSW). Refrigerated transport. Cooling load: Unit of refrigeration, coefficient of performance (C.O.P),Refrigeration effect, study and use of Psychometric chart. Cooling load estimation, introduction, components of cooling load, heat gain through walls, roofs, products, occupants, lighting equipments. Theory of machines: Transmission of power, friction wheels, shaft , gears, belt and Chain drive. Study of equipments used in fish processing with particular reference to canning, sausage, freeze drying and irradiation. Maintenance: Definition, Types of maintenance, general maintenance of freezing plant, cold storage and ice plant.
Practicals
Drawing of Refrigeration and Fish processing machineries plant layout, Graphically represented symbols used in refrigeration, Handling and operation of compressors, condensers, evaporators expansion valves, low and high pressure switches. Study of auxiliary equipments: Receiver, oil charging, refrigerant charging, gas purging, oil draining, types of defrosting. Power transmission line diagram of different fish processing machineries. Visit to processing plant refrigeration plant, Visit to ice plant, Visit to fishing harbor to study the fish hold, refrigerated fish rooms. Calculation on refrigeration effect and cooling load.
References
1. Post-Harvest technology of fish and fish products ---- K.K. Balachandran
2. Fish Products and by-products ---- K.C.Dora & R.N.Mishra
Fundamentals: Force, work, power, energy, volume, pressure, temperature. Heat, specific heat, sensible heat, latent heat, comparison between heat and work-A path function. Thermodynamics: Laws of Thermodynamics, Laws of perfect gases, Thermodynamic processes, Application of First and Second law of Thermodynamics in refrigeration, Thermodynamics cycle, entropy, enthalpy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlnLTWT_4g
Practical- REFRIGERATION AND EQUIPMENT PLANT LAYOUT
Types of refrigeration systems i.e., Air refrigeration, Vapour compression refrigeration system.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nx9dWcMcmUk
Practical- STARTING OF REFRIGERATION PLANT
Vapour absorption refrigeration system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDDmlT-HK1Y
Practical- NON CONDENSIBLE GAS PURGING
Parts of refrigeration systems (Compressor), Compressors: Definition, Types of compressor, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bmm48J2LISk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCpayFv83Tc&t=62s
Practical- OIL DRAINING SYSTEM
Parts of refrigeration systems (Evaporator), Evaporator: Definition, Types of Evaporator, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4GE6rTMu6c&t=2s
Practical- GAS CHARGING SYSTEM
Parts of refrigeration systems (Condenser), Condenser: Definition, Types of Condenser, Cooling Towers, construction, working principle, advantages and disadvantages
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFOAzgTPbtE
Practical- DEFROSTING
Parts of refrigeration systems (Expansion devices), Expansion valve: Definition, Types of Expansion valve, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2BPuiqBMok
Practical- FOOT REFORMER MACHINE
Refrigerants, Refrigerant: Primary refrigerant, secondary refrigerant, properties, ideal refrigerant, leakage detection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J77a0keM2Yk
Practical- FOOT FLANGER MACHINE
Insulation, Non condensable gas, Study of auxiliary equipment: Receiver, oil charging, refrigerant charging, gas purging, oil draining, types of defrosting.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYx4M0_7VeM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8z1J2tVZjnY
Freezers, Freezers: Definition, Design and construction of freezers i.e. Plate freezer, Blast freezer, Tunnel freezer, spray or immersion freezers, refrigerated fish rooms and fish hold. Alternative refrigeration technique arrangements used onboard the fishing vessel i.e., Refrigerated sea water (RSW), Chilled sea water (CSW). Refrigerated transport.
Freezers and Type of the Freezer, Freezers: Definition, Design and construction of freezers i.e. Plate freezer, Blast freezer, Tunnel freezer, spray or immersion freezers, refrigerated fish rooms and fish hold. Alternative refrigeration technique arrangements used onboard the fishing vessel i.e., Refrigerated sea water (RSW), Chilled sea water (CSW). Refrigerated transport.
Ice Plant, Quality of Ice, Ice-plant: Ice plant planning Brine tank construction, preparation of brine ,Types of ice, Storing of ice, Equipments used in ice plants.
Type of ice, preparation of brine ,Types of ice, Storing of ice, Equipments used in ice plants.
Power transmission elements, Shafts, Theory of machines: Transmission of power, friction wheels, shaft , gears, belt and Chain drive.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft-upKwH5-M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UichKjLmpo8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Hjmile-cNU
Maintenance: Definition, Types of maintenance, general maintenance of freezing plant, cold storage and ice plant.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peVAaLIJJ6c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fhoEUm8jHI
Power transmission elements, Chain drive, Gears
Study of equipments used in fish processing with particular reference to canning, sausage, freeze drying and irradiation.
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