Subject Code : BSRT1102
Subject Type: 0+0+4
Credit: 4
Course Objectives
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To define main structure composing human body.
• To describe the structure of the human body on cell-, organs-, organ system- and organism level.
• Describe the relationships between structure and function of the human body.
• To gain the scientific based knowledge of the structure and function of the human body.
Learning Outcomes
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Skill and ability On completion of the course, the student should be able to:
• Carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
• Carry out pulse- and blood pressure measurement
• Relate physiological examination methods to the function of the circulatory- and the respiratory organs.
Unit-1
Introduction to Anatomy, terms and terminology. Regions of Body, Cavities and systems. Surface anatomy – musculo-skeletal, vascular, cardiopulmonary system General Embryology. Applied anatomy. Musculoskeletal system: Connective tissue & its modification, tendons, membranes, special connective tissue. Bone structure, blood supply, growth, ossification, and classification. Muscle classification, structure and functional aspect. Joints – classification, structures of joints, movements, range, limiting factors, stability, blood supply, nerve supply, dislocations and applied anatomy.
Practice: - Identification of different joins and bones from Charts and Human Skeleton.
Unit-2
Upper extremity: Bony architecture Joints – structure, range of movement Muscles – origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply Major nerves – course, branches and implications of nerve injuries Development of limb bones, muscles and anomalies Radiographic identification of bone and joints Applied anatomy
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Lower Extremity: Bony architecture Joints – structure, range of movement Muscles – origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply Major nerves – course, branches and implications of nerve injuries Development of limb bones, muscles and anomalies Radiographic identification of bone and joints Applied anatomy
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Spine and thorax: Back muscles - Superficial layer, Deep muscles of back, their origin, insertion, action and nerve supply. Vertebral column – Structure & Development, Structure & Joints of vertebra Thoracic cage Radiographic identification of bone and joints Applied anatomy
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Head and neck: Cranium Facial Muscles – origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply Temporal mandibular Joints – structure, types of movement
Practice: - Radiography identification of different architecture joins, structure and position of Bones from Skeleton, Model or PPT.
Unit-3
Nervous system: Classification of nervous system Nerve – structure, classification, microscopy with examples. Neurons , classification with examples. Simple reflex arc. Parts of a typical spinal nerve/Dermatome: Central nervous system – disposition, parts and functions Cerebrum Cerebellum, Midbrain & brain stem Blood supply & anatomy of brain Spinal cord- anatomy, blood supply, nerve pathways Pyramidal, extra pyramidal system, Thalamus, hypothalamus Structure and features of meninges Ventricles of brain, CSF circulation Development of nervous system & defects Cranial nerves – (course, distribution, functions and palsy) Sympathetic nervous system, its parts and components Parasympathetic nervous system Applied anatomy.
Practice: -Identification of structure and different parts of Central nervous system from chart.
Identification of different blood supply in brain from PPT.
Demonstration of dissected parts (upper extremity, lower extremity, thoracic & abdominal viscera, face and brain).
Unit-4
Sensory system- Structure and function of Visual system, Auditory system, Gustatory system, Olfactory system, Somatic sensory system.
Respiratory system: Structure of upper and lower respiratory tract Thorax: Pleural cavities & pleura Lungs and respiratory tree Heart and great vessels Diaphragm
Endocrine System: Endocrine glands and Hormones. Location of glands, their hormones and functions. Pituitary, thyroid. Adrenal and pancreas.
Urinary and Reproductive system Urinary system Pelvic floor, innervations Kidney, Ureter, bladder, urethra Genital system – male and female: Reproductive system of male Reproductive system of female.
Practice: -identification of structure, position, and different parts of Lungs, Heart, Kidney from charts,
Models.
Suggested Readings
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Text book Anatomy & Physiology for nurses by Evelyn Pearce, Publisher Faber&
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Text book Anatomy and Physiology for nurses by Sears, Publisher Edward
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Anatomy & Physiology- by Ross and Wilson, Publisher
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Anatomy& Physiology: Understanding the human body by Clark, Publisher Jones &
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Anatomy and Physiology for nurses by Pearson, Publisher Marieb &
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Anatomy and Physiology by N Murgesh, Publisher
Session Plan
Session 1
Definition of various terms used in Anatomy
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Session 2
structure of cell
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Session 3
structure of mitochondria,nucleus,
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Session 4
structure of endoplasmic reticulum,ribosome,lysosome etc
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Session 5
introduction to tissues
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introduction to tissue
Session 6
Epithelial tissue
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epithelial tissue
Session 7
connective tissue
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connective tissue
Session 8
muscular tissue
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Muscular tissue
Session 9
Nervous tissue
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nervous system
Session 10
Structure and function of Skeleton
skeletal system
Session 11
Appendicular skeletal system
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appendicular skeletal system
Session 12
Axial skeletal system
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Axial sketeton
Session 13
Classification of joints and their function
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classification of joints and their function
Session 14
Classification of joints and their function
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Session 15
Classification of joints and their function
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Session 16
Joint disorder
Joint disorde
Session 17
Composition of blood
composition of blood
Session 18
functions of blood elements
Function of blood elements
Session 19
Blood grouping
blood group
Session 20
coagulation of blood
coagulataion of blood
Session 21
disorders of blood
Disorders of blood
Session 22
Name and functions of lymph glands
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Session 23
Name and functions of lymph glands
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Session 24
Structure and functions of various parts of the heart
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Session 25
positions of main arteries and veins
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Session 26
Blood pressure and its recording
recording of blood pressure
Session 27
cardiovascular disorders
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Session 28
Various parts of respiratory system and their functions
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respiratory system
Session 29
Various parts of respiratory system and their functions
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Session 30
physiology of respiration
physiology of respiration
Session 31
Various parts of urinary system and their functions
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urinary system
Session 32
structure and functions of kidney.
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Session 33
Physiology of urine formation
physiology of urine formation
Session 34
renal diseases and edema
kidney diseases
Session 35
Structure of skeletal muscle
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Session 36
physiology of muscle contraction
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Session 37
Names, positions, attachments and functions of various skeletal muscles. physiology of neuromuscular junction.
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Session 38
Various parts of central nervous system
CNS divisions
Session 39
brain and its parts
brain and its parts
Session 40
reflex action
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Session 41
Anatomy and physiology of automatic nervous system
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Session 42
Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nerrvous System
Session 43
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Session 44
organ of taste
gustation
Session 45
Ear
Ear anatomy
Session 46
Eye
Eye anatomy
Session 47
Nose
Nose Anatomy
Session 48
skin
Skin anatomy
Session 49
Physiology of pain
Physiology of pain
Session 50
Name of various parts of digestive system and their functions
Digestive system
Session 51
Structure and Function of Various Parts Digestive System
Session 52
Physiology of Digestion and Absoption
Digestion and Absorption
Session 53
Endocrine glands and Hormone
Endocrine glands
Session 54
Location of glands
Location of Endocrine Glands
Session 55
Pituitary Gland and its Hormones
Pituitary Gland
Session 56
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Session 57
pancreas
Pancreas anatomy
Session 58
Physiology Reproductive system.
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Session 59
female reproductive system
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Session 60
menstrual cycle
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Session 61
menstrual cycle
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Session 62
oogenesis
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Session 63
Male reproductive system
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Session 64
Spermatogenesis
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Practical
Course Syllabus
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Study of the human Skeleton.
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Study with the help of charts and models of the following system and organs:
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Ear
Cardiovascular system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
Eye
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Microscopic examination of epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle.
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Connective tissue and nervous tissues.
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Examination of blood films for TLC.DLC and malarial parasite.
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Determination of RBCs, clotting time of blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Hemoglobin value.
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Recording of body temperature, pulse, heart-rate, blood pressure and ECG.