Basic Anatomy

Teacher

Sashisaroj T Tiwari

Category

Core Courses

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Subject Code : BSRT1102

Subject Type: 0+0+4

Credit: 4

Course Objectives

  • To define main structure composing human body.

    • To describe the structure of the human body on cell-, organs-, organ system- and organism level.

    • Describe the relationships between structure and function of the human body.

    • To gain the scientific based knowledge of the structure and function of the human body.

Learning Outcomes

  • Skill and ability On completion of the course, the student should be able to:

    • Carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

    • Carry out pulse- and blood pressure measurement

    • Relate physiological examination methods to the function of the circulatory- and the respiratory organs.

Unit-1

Introduction to Anatomy, terms and terminology. Regions of Body, Cavities and systems. Surface anatomy – musculo-skeletal, vascular, cardiopulmonary system General Embryology. Applied anatomy. Musculoskeletal system: Connective tissue & its modification, tendons, membranes, special connective tissue. Bone structure, blood supply, growth, ossification, and classification. Muscle classification, structure and functional aspect. Joints – classification, structures of joints, movements, range, limiting factors, stability, blood supply, nerve supply, dislocations and applied anatomy.

Practice: - Identification of different joins and bones from Charts and Human Skeleton.

Unit-2

Upper extremity: Bony architecture Joints – structure, range of movement Muscles – origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply Major nerves – course, branches and implications of nerve injuries Development of limb bones, muscles and anomalies Radiographic identification of bone and joints Applied anatomy

  • Lower Extremity: Bony architecture Joints – structure, range of movement Muscles – origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply Major nerves – course, branches and implications of nerve injuries Development of limb bones, muscles and anomalies Radiographic identification of bone and joints Applied anatomy

  • Spine and thorax: Back muscles - Superficial layer, Deep muscles of back, their origin, insertion, action and nerve supply. Vertebral column – Structure & Development, Structure & Joints of vertebra Thoracic cage Radiographic identification of bone and joints Applied anatomy

  • Head and neck: Cranium Facial Muscles – origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply Temporal mandibular Joints – structure, types of movement

Practice: - Radiography identification of different architecture joins, structure and position of Bones from Skeleton, Model or PPT.

 

 

Unit-3

Nervous system: Classification of nervous system Nerve – structure, classification, microscopy with examples. Neurons , classification with examples. Simple reflex arc. Parts of a typical spinal nerve/Dermatome: Central nervous system – disposition, parts and functions Cerebrum Cerebellum, Midbrain & brain stem Blood supply & anatomy of brain Spinal cord- anatomy, blood supply, nerve pathways Pyramidal, extra pyramidal system, Thalamus, hypothalamus Structure and features of meninges Ventricles of brain, CSF circulation Development of nervous system & defects Cranial nerves – (course, distribution, functions and palsy) Sympathetic nervous system, its parts and components Parasympathetic nervous system Applied anatomy.

Practice: -Identification of structure and different parts of Central nervous system from chart.

Identification of different blood supply in brain from PPT.

Demonstration of dissected parts (upper extremity, lower extremity, thoracic & abdominal viscera, face and brain). 

 

 

Unit-4

Sensory system- Structure and function of Visual system, Auditory system, Gustatory system, Olfactory system, Somatic sensory system.

Respiratory system: Structure of upper and lower respiratory tract Thorax: Pleural cavities & pleura Lungs and respiratory tree Heart and great vessels Diaphragm

Endocrine System: Endocrine glands and Hormones. Location of glands, their hormones and functions. Pituitary, thyroid. Adrenal and pancreas.

Urinary and Reproductive system Urinary system Pelvic floor, innervations Kidney, Ureter, bladder, urethra Genital system – male and female: Reproductive system of male Reproductive system of female.

Practice: -identification of structure, position, and different parts of Lungs, Heart, Kidney from charts,

Models.

 

Suggested Readings

  1. Text book Anatomy & Physiology for nurses by Evelyn Pearce, Publisher Faber&

  2. Text book Anatomy and Physiology for nurses by Sears, Publisher Edward

  3. Anatomy & Physiology- by Ross and Wilson, Publisher

  4. Anatomy& Physiology: Understanding the human body by Clark, Publisher Jones &

  5. Anatomy and Physiology for nurses by Pearson, Publisher Marieb &

  6. Anatomy and Physiology by N Murgesh, Publisher

Session Plan

Session 1

Definition of various terms used in Anatomy

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Session 2

structure of cell

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Session 3

structure of mitochondria,nucleus,

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Session 4

structure of endoplasmic reticulum,ribosome,lysosome etc

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Session 5

introduction to tissues

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introduction to tissue

Session 6

Epithelial tissue

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epithelial tissue

Session 7

connective tissue

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connective tissue

Session 8

muscular tissue

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Muscular tissue

Session 9

Nervous tissue

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nervous system

Session 10

Structure and function of Skeleton

skeletal system

Session 11

Appendicular skeletal system

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appendicular skeletal system

Session 12

Axial skeletal system

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Axial sketeton

Session 13

Classification of joints and their function

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classification of joints and their function

Session 14

Classification of joints and their function

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Session 15

Classification of joints and their function

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Session 16

Joint disorder

Joint disorde

Session 17

Composition of blood

composition of blood

Session 18

functions of blood elements

Function of blood elements

Session 19

Blood grouping

blood group

Session 20

coagulation of blood

coagulataion of blood

Session 21

disorders of blood

Disorders of blood

Session 22

Name and functions of lymph glands

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Session 23

Name and functions of lymph glands

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Session 24

Structure and functions of various parts of the heart

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Session 25

positions of main arteries and veins

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Session 26

Blood pressure and its recording

recording of blood pressure

Session 27

cardiovascular disorders

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Session 28

Various parts of respiratory system and their functions

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respiratory system

Session 29

Various parts of respiratory system and their functions

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Session 30

physiology of respiration

physiology of respiration

Session 31

Various parts of urinary system and their functions

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urinary system

Session 32

structure and functions of kidney.

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Session 33

Physiology of urine formation

physiology of urine formation

Session 34

renal diseases and edema

kidney diseases

Session 35

Structure of skeletal muscle

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Session 36

physiology of muscle contraction

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Session 37

Names, positions, attachments and functions of various skeletal muscles. physiology of neuromuscular junction.

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Session 38

Various parts of central nervous system

CNS divisions

Session 39

brain and its parts

brain and its parts

Session 40

reflex action

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Session 41

Anatomy and physiology of automatic nervous system

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Session 42

Sympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nerrvous System

Session 43

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Session 44

organ of taste

gustation

Session 45

Ear

Ear anatomy

Session 46

Eye

Eye anatomy

Session 47

Nose

Nose Anatomy

Session 48

skin

Skin anatomy

Session 49

Physiology of pain

Physiology of pain

Session 50

Name of various parts of digestive system and their functions

Digestive system

Session 51

Structure and Function of Various Parts Digestive System

Session 52

Physiology of Digestion and Absoption

Digestion and Absorption

Session 53

Endocrine glands and Hormone

Endocrine glands

Session 54

Location of glands

Location of Endocrine Glands

 

Session 55

Pituitary Gland and its Hormones

Pituitary Gland

 

Session 56

Thyroid Gland

Thyroid Gland

 

Session 57

pancreas

Pancreas anatomy

 

Session 58

Physiology Reproductive system.

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Session 59

female reproductive system

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Session 60

menstrual cycle

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Session 61

menstrual cycle

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Session 62

oogenesis

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Session 63

Male reproductive system

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Session 64

Spermatogenesis

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Practical

Course Syllabus

  • Study of the human Skeleton.

  • Study with the help of charts and models of the following system and organs:

    Digestive system

    Respiratory system

    Ear

    Cardiovascular system

    Urinary system

    Reproductive system

    Eye

  • Microscopic examination of epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle.

  • Connective tissue and nervous tissues.

  • Examination of blood films for TLC.DLC and malarial parasite.

  • Determination of RBCs, clotting time of blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Hemoglobin value.

  • Recording of body temperature, pulse, heart-rate, blood pressure and ECG.

Our Main Teachers

Sashisaroj T Tiwari

Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology,  SoPAHS
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