Substation Switch gear & protection

Teacher

Madhava Rao K

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Substation Switch gear & protection

Code(Credit) : CUTM1052(2-1-1)

Course Objectives

  • To understand the different components of substation.
  • To understand the protection of different equipment in the power system.
  • To develop skills in switchgear maintenance, troubleshooting, and emergency response.

Learning Outcomes

  • Able to understand the performance of different protection methods of different equipment.
  • Able to understand the different components of substation and their operation.
  • Able to design the power system switch gear.
  • Able to understand the Maintenance of substation and protection control scheme.
  • Illustrate relay coordination and earth mat sizing using ETAP software with real time industrial examples.

COURSE OUTCOME TO PROGRAM OUTCOME MAPPING:

CO, PO Mapping Matrix
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 3 3   2 3  3 2 1 1 3 2  1
CO2 3 3   1 3  3 2 1 2 3 3  2
CO3 3 3   1 3  3 2 1 3 3 2  3
CO4 2 3   1 3  3 2 1 3 2 2  2
CO5 1 3   1 3  3 1 3 1 1  2

Course Syllabus

Module I: Substation Systems                                                                                         (6 Hours)

 Introduction to Substation System: Definition of substation, necessity of substation, essential features, types of substation, single line diagram of substation, List and functions of each component of substation. Auxiliary systems, Over head earthing screen, Sub-station earthing system.

Practice:

1. Layout Design of 132KV & 220KV substation using MATLAB

2. Layout Design of 400KV & 750KV substation using MATLAB as per IEEE standards

Module II: Operation & Maintenance of Substations                                                 (10 Hours)

Testing and maintenance of Bus Bars, and Isolators: Types and ratings – Bus bar configuration, Tests on Bus bars. Types of isolators and ratings, Load Break switches, Maintenance of isolators, testing and maintenance of Power Transformers, Current and Voltage Transformers and Insulators: Preliminary tests, Final tests, Impulse test, Partial discharge test, Transformer maintenance. Current Transformer tests, Potential Transformer tests. CT and PT maintenance, Tests and maintenance of insulator

Practice:

3. Maintenance tests of CT & PT of substation as per manufacturers Hand book

4. Maintenance tests of Lightening Arrestor & Circuit Breaker of substation as per manufacturers Hand book

5. Maintenance tests of transformer as per manufacturers Hand book

 Module III: Protection & System components                                                               (5 Hours)

 Need for protective schemes, Nature and Cause of Faults, Types of Fault, Effects of Faults,  Zones of Protection, Primary and Backup Protection, Essential Qualities of Protection, Classification of Protective Relays, Automatic Reclosing, Current Transformers for protection, Voltage Transformers for Protection.

 Module IV: Relays                                                                                                           (4 Hours)

Introduction,-Electromechanical Relays, Static Relays – Merits and Demerits of Static Relays, Numerical Relays, Comparison between Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.

Practice:

6. Designing of a Digital Relay

 Module V: Relay Operations                                                                                           (7 Hours)

Introduction, Time – current Characteristics, Current Setting, Time Setting, Overcurrent Protective Schemes, Reverse Power or Directional Relay, Protection of Parallel Feeders, Protection of Ring Mains, Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protection, Combined Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Directional Earth Fault Relay, Static Overcurrent Relays, Numerical Overcurrent Relays.

 Module VI: Protection control systems                                                                          (5 Hours)

Pilot Relaying Schemes: Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current Protection

Numerical Differential Relays: Simple Differential Protection, Percentage or Biased Differential Relay, Differential Protection of 3 Phase Circuits, Balanced (Opposed) Voltage Differential Protection.

Rotating Machines Protection: Introduction, Protection of Generators

Transformer and Bus zone Protection: Introduction, Transformer Protection, Bus zone Protection, Frame Leakage Protection

Practice:

7. Design of Protection Scheme using MATLAB

 Module VII: Circuit Breakers                                                                                         (8 Hours)

Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage, Arc Interruption, Restriking Voltage and Recovery Voltage, Current Chopping, Interruption of Capacitive Current, Classification of Circuit Breakers, Air – Break Circuit Breakers, Oil Circuit Breakers, Air – Blast Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum Circuit Breakers, High Voltage Direct Current Circuit Breakers, Rating of Circuit Breakers, Testing of Circuit Breakers.

Practice:

8. Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

Project:

Analysis of critically operating power system using MATLAB/DYMOLA

Session Plan

Session 1

Introduction to Substation System: Definition of substation, necessity of substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsGn7H_14VY&list=PLLy_2iUCG87BIJ6ZliVIRCx2Crf9_fJMB

 

Session 2

essential features, types of substation, List and functions of each component of substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55I-PlXnoz8

Practice:

Layout Design of 132KV & 220KV substation using MATLAB.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IchXAKnuNQ

 

Project:

Design and Simulation of a 220kV Substation Layout in MATLAB

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSbEVgCpJCc

Session 3

single line diagram of substation, Auxiliary systems, Overhead earthing screen, Sub-station earthing system

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_brjT83Je4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huKkzrJPFU4&t=371s

Session 4

Testing and maintenance of Bus Bars, and Isolators: Types and ratings – Bus bar configuration

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utAoMJrG7vM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejC7bTBQo24

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-fFbQ5BADI

Practice:

Layout Design of 400KV & 750KV substation using MATLAB as per IEEE standards

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4q1jPfPTCQ

Project:

Performance Analysis of Circuit Breakers under Fault Conditions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJenX-r3uSw

Session 5

Tests on Bus bars. Types of isolators and ratings, Load Break switches, Maintenance of isolators

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFJWkisOzmc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkrnQ6K1lPQ

Session 6

testing and maintenance of Power Transformers, Current and Voltage Transformers and Insulators

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzj2Ebq4O_g

Practice:

Maintenance tests of CT & PT of substation as per manufacturers Hand book

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEGTHhp1iV8

Project:

Predictive Maintenance of Transformers using MATLAB

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ChEy3lIqMQ

Session 7

Preliminary tests, Final tests, Impulse test, Partial discharge test

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22GGAorNkwA

Session 8

Transformer maintenance. Current Transformer tests

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpy9OSSVHjA

Practice:

Maintenance tests of Lightening Arrestor & Circuit Breaker of substation as per manufacturers Hand book

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZ3ZaY2ojGw

Project:

MATLAB-Based Protection Scheme Design for Ring Main System

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4-GZ1zBJBc

Session 9

Potential Transformer tests. CT and PT maintenance, Tests and maintenance of insulator

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iP4H9Tuu1Xo

Session 10

Need for protective schemes, Nature and Cause of Faults, Types of Faults, Effects of Faults,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KC7Gyayx19A

 

Practice:

Maintenance tests of transformer as per manufacturers Hand book

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBTRNwGx2bY

Project:

Analysis of Relay Coordination for Overcurrent Protection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUKYjZqO1dQ

Session 11

Zones of Protection, Primary and Backup Protection, Essential Qualities of Protection, Classification of Protective Relays

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwkZYXZPNz0&list=PL_mruqjnuVd9Xq-JBDZ0M8dHk8VRbBgYJ&index=4

Session 12

Automatic Reclosing, Current Transformers for protection, Voltage Transformers for Protection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJCVkN8GV0Q

Practice:

Designing of a Digital Relay

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijn9l__TdQ

Project:

Differential Protection of a Power Transformer using Numerical Relay

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jzPfRX6RjU

Session 13

Introduction,-Electromechanical Relays, Static Relays – Merits and Demerits of Static Relays

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vav5e2YlRYc

Session 14

Numerical Relays, Comparison between Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhYYPJjzN34

Practice:

Design of Protection Scheme using MATLAB

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrJt4-UsUGs

Project:

Carrier Current Protection Scheme for Transmission Line

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqI_p2ZGWTs

Session 15

Comparison between Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhYYPJjzN34

Session 16

Introduction, Time – current Characteristics, Current Setting, Time Setting,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5Ld1m2EEH0

Practice:

Design of Protection Scheme using MATLAB

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrJt4-UsUGs&t=26s

 

Project:

Substation Automation using SCADA Simulation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGuPnSKXaqc

Session 17

Overcurrent Protective Schemes, Reverse Power or Directional Relay

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Jfnc8w0tiE&t=35s

Session 18

Protection of Parallel Feeders, Protection of Ring Mains

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXxrAscKZwk

Practice:

Design of Protection Scheme using MATLAB

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrJt4-UsUGs&t=47s

Project:

Modelling and Analysis of a Hybrid Substation Earthing System

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMR1rT8p-oA

Session 19

Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protection, Combined Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protective Scheme

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSruluVL27Y

Session 20

Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Directional Earth Fault Relay, Static Overcurrent Relays,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtVTfZ4Ms04

Practice:

Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTQMd9a2KsY

Project:

Dynamic Simulation of a Power System during Fault using DYMOLA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srYMGsR5g9A

Session 21

Directional Earth Fault Relay, Static Overcurrent Relays, Numerical Overcurrent Relays

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFMl4NjPeew

Session 22

Pilot Relaying Schemes: Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current Protection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZq7yDrPhM0

Practice:

Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTQMd9a2KsY&t=36s

Project:

Dynamic Simulation of a Power System during Fault using DYMOLA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dtajq7BXM88

Session 23

Numerical Differential Relays: Simple Differential Protection, Percentage or Biased Differential Relay

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBXO_zXjeZw

Session 24

Differential Protection of 3 Phase Circuits, Balanced (Opposed) Voltage Differential Protection.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jE9KrGPdceU

Practice:

Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNBfppriDjc

Project:

Dynamic Simulation of a Power System during Fault using DYMOLA

Session 25

Rotating Machines Protection: Introduction, Protection of Generators, Transformer and Bus zone Protection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OElOqRSN0FE

Session 26

Introduction, Transformer Protection, Bus zone Protection, Frame Leakage Protection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2G3CEPu2OB4

Practice:

Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

Project:

Dynamic Simulation of a Power System during Fault using DYMOLA

Session 27

Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage, Arc Interruption, Re striking Voltage and Recovery Voltage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyWVKhFfyTU

Session 28

Current Chopping, Interruption of Capacitive Current, Classification of Circuit Breakers, Air – Break Circuit Breakers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgAvVwbTr9A

Practice:

Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

Project:

Analysis of critically operating power system using MATLAB/DYMOLA

Session 29

Oil Circuit Breakers, Air – Blast Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum Circuit Breakers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cM3F2JUrfUw

Session 30

High Voltage Direct Current Circuit Breakers, Rating of Circuit Breakers, Testing of Circuit Breakers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJenX-r3uSw&t=374s

Our Main Teachers

He is working as  an Associate professor in Electrical & Electronics Engineering and is associated with Centurion university since 2011. He dis his Post graduate in High voltage engineering. He is having 15 years of experience in teaching & learning process. Area of Interest: Power systems and High voltage Engineering Youtube video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yL5egmaRxUM