Centurion University of Technology and Management
                                     School of Applied Sciences, 
                                Bachelor of Optometry (3rd Semester)                                                                                             Subject: VO-1                         Question bank	   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Section-1                                                                                                             
Answer all the questions.                                         1.5X10=15
1.	What is light?
2.	Write a few impotant postulates of corpscular theory.
3.	What is Huygens theory of light?
4.	What is sinusoidal wave?
5.	Define Snells law.
6.	Explain different types of waves.
7.	What is coherence?
8.	Law of super position?
9.	What is interference?
10.	What are conditions required for interference?
11.	Any two application of interference? or What are two applications of Newtons rings  in optometry?
12.	Short notes on Thin lens and ARC coating.
13.	explainReflectance at lens surfaces.
14.	What is diffraction? Any two applications in optometry?
15.	What is airy`s disc?
16.	What happens if pupil size very small? Explain
17.	Clinical relevance of polarization?
18.	 Explain Haidinger brushes.
19.	What is Fluorescence? Write any two applications.
20.	How to minimize spherical aberration?
21.	      What is spherical abberation?
22.	What is Duchrome test?
23.	What is chromatic abberation?
24.	What are reasons for night myopia?
25.	Define Vergence of light with an example?
26.	What is one dioptre?
27.	How do we measure power a lens?
28.	      Different lens forms.
29.	What is spherical lens ,cylindrical lens and spherocylindrical lens?
30.	Cardinal data of a spherical mirror?
31.	Cardinal data of alens?
32.	      Types of Magnification.
33.	Short notes on optics of the cornea.
34.	Short notes on optics of the crystalline lens.
35.	Short notes on optics of the vitreous humour and aqueous humor.
36.	Describe axis and angles of the eye.
37.	What is Keratometry principle.
38.	     What are Purkinjes images.
39.	Mention different types of keratometers.
40.	Write SRK-T formula.
41.	Write a short note on advantages of IOL master.
42.	     What are various advantages and disadvantages of Immersion and contact process of AL measurements.
43.	 What is visual angle?
44.	What is minimum angle of resolution?
45.	Describe Dark and light adoptataion.
46.	Mention different types of colour vision defects.
47.	Short note on spatial and temporal resolution.
48.	What are the different refractive elements in the eye How curvature, refractive index and axial length effect refractive status of the eye?
49.	What is emmetropia and ameropia?
50.	Population distribution ametropia?
51.	Describe etiological types of hypermetropia.
52.	Write a short note on nomenclature or components of hypermetropia.
53.	What are signs and symptoms & management of hypermetropia?
54.	What are complications of hypermetropia
55.	Write a short note on optics of myopia.
56.	Describe aetiological classification of the myopia.
57.	Write a short note on signs and symptoms & management of myopia.
58.	      Illustrate refractive types of astigmatism with neat diagram.
59.	How to identify type of. astigmatism based on prescription power?
60.	 Compare regular and irregular astigmatism.
61.	With the rule and against the rule ,Oblique and bio oblique astigmatism

Section-2
1.	  Explain different characteristics of a wave.
2.	How to measure surface regularity and thickness of a thin film?
3.	What is Spherical aberration? How to minimize SA in spectacle lenses?
4.	Illustrate  image formation through a biconvex lens.
5.	What are different visual functions of the eye?
6.	Describe duchrome test procedure.
7.	Illustrate Gullstrand’s eye model.
8.	Explain Listings and Donders reduced eye .
9.	Explain in detailed about Keratometry.
10.	Explain how to measure Axial length in detailed.
11.	What are different formulas used in IOL power calculation?
12.	Write in detailed visual acuity measurement step by step process. 
13.	Describe in detailed Dark and light adaptation.
14.	Eplain different color vision theories.
15.	Explain congenital myopia.
16.	Explain in detailed acquired myopia? 
17.	Write a detailed note on developmental/simple myopia.
18.	Write a detailed note on pathological myopia.
19.	Write in short on cliniclal classification of hyperetropia.
20.	Write a short note on (a) Regular and irregular astigmatism.(b)with the rule and against the rule ,Oblique and bio oblique astigmatism.