Flight Mechanics

Teacher

Dr. Sangram Samal

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Flight Mechanics

Code(Credit) : CUTM1097(4-0-2)

Course Objectives

  • To understand  the performance of aircraft.
  • To make the student understand stability of aircraft.
  • To make the student understand basic knowledge of aircraft design.

Learning Outcomes

  • Effectively use performance calculations
  • Understand the accelerated flight performance
  • Understand takeoff and landing performance
  • Effectively use and understand stability for Aircraft.
  • Able to understand the process of aerodynamic designing

Course Syllabus

Module I:  Drag and power required for Steady level flight  (5hrs)

Steady level flight, Thrust required and Power required, Thrust available and Power available for propeller driven and jet powered aircraft, Effect of altitude, maximum level flight speed, minimum drag and minimum power required,

Module II: Un-Accelerated flight performance ( 6 hrs)

Range and Endurance of Propeller and Jet airplanes steep angles of climb, Rate of climb, Maximum Climb angle and Maximum Rate of climb, Absolute and service ceiling, Gliding flight

Module III:  Take-off and landing performance (4 hrs)

Estimation of take-off and landing distances, Methods of reducing landing distance

 Module IV: Turning performance (6 hrs)

Level turn, minimum turn radius, bank angle and load factor,  Pull up and pull down maneuvers, maximum turn rate, Constraints on load factor, V-n diagram.

Module V: Longitudinal stability  ( 8 hrs)

Static and dynamic stability - Purpose of controls in airplanes -Inherently stable and marginal stable airplanes – Static, Longitudinal stability - Stick fixed stability - Basic equilibrium equation - Stability criterion - Effects of fuselage and nacelle - Influence of CG location - Power effects - Stick fixed neutral point - Stick free stability-Hinge moment coefficient - Stick free neutral points-Symmetric

Module VI:  Lateral and  Directional stability(7 hrs)

Lateral stability and  Dihedral effect - Lateral control - Coupling between rolling and yawing moments - Adverse yaw effects - Aileron reversal - Static directional stability - Weather cocking effect - Rudder requirements - One engine inoperative condition - Rudder lock.

Module VII: Control surface and stick forces          (4hrs)

Ailerons, elevators, rudder, trim, spring tabs, wing flaps and spoilers. Use of trim tab, Hinge moment and stick forces. Effect of CG on stick forces.

Project- Students need to a design an aircraft as per their choice, build a small scale model and fly it. Designing and testing need to be done using Dassault system and wind tunnel. Structural part is not included in this scope of work
Steps:
  1. Comparative configuration study of different types of aircraft.
  2. Comparative study of specification and performance details of aircraft
  3. Preparation of Comparative data sheets
  4. Comparative graphs preparation and selection of main parameters for the design purpose of the aircraft
  5. Preliminary weight estimations, selection of main parameters Power plant selection , aerofoil selection , wing , tail and control surfaces
  6. Preparation of layouts of balance diagram and three view diagrams for the aircraft
  7. Estimation of drag and preparing drag polar curve
  8. Detailed performance calculations
  9. Stability analysis.
  10. Make wind tunnel testing and compare with simulation result
  11. Flight testing
  12. Complete the Documentation work
Text Books:
  1. Clancey, L.J., “Aerodynamics”,
  2. Anderson, Jr., J.D. Aircraft Performance and Design, McGraw-Hill International
  3. Perkins C.D. & Hage R.E. Airplane performance, stability and control, John Wiley
& Sons 1976.
  1. Daniel P. Raymer, Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach
Reference Books:
  1. Houghton,E.L. and Carruthers, N.B. Aerodynamics for engineering students,
Edward Amold Publishers, 1988.
  1. Anderson, Jr., J.D. Introduction to Flight, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 1999
  2. Nelson, R.C. Flight Stability & Automatic Control, McGraw Hill, 1998.

Source of reference;NSQF – Level 6

 

Session Plan

Session 1

Steady Level Flight

Steady level flight

Session 2

Thrust required and Power required

Thrust required and Power required

Session 3

Thrust available and Power available for Jet engine

Thrust available and Power available

Session 4

Thrust available and Power available for propeller driven

Session 5

Thrust and power variation with altitude

Session 6

Maximum level flight speed

Session 7

minimum drag and minimum power condition

Minimum drag and power

Session 8

Range and Endurance of Propeller

Range and Endurance of Propeller

Session 9

Range and endurance Jet driven

Range and Endurance of Jet driven

Session 10

Session 11

Session 12

Maximum Climb angle and Maximum Rate of climb

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5UleWjK71Q

Session 14

Gliding flight

gliding flight

Session 16

Estimation of landing distances

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5A4pyd8amk&t=115s

Session 17

Methods of reducing landing distance

Session 20

Constraints on load factor

Session 22

Session 23

Static and dynamic stability

Static and dynamic stability

Session 25

Basic equilibrium equation and Inherently stable and marginal stable airplanes

Session 26

Longitudinal stability - Stick fixed stability

Session 27

Effects of fuselage and nacelle - Influence of CG location

Session 28

Power effects - Stick fixed neutral point

Session 29

Stick free stability

Session 30

Hinge moment coefficient - Stick free neutral points-Symmetric

Session 31

Lateral stability and Dihedral effect

Session 32

Lateral control

Session 33

Coupling between rolling and yawing moments

Session 34

Adverse yaw effects - Aileron reversal

Session 35

Static directional stability - Weather cocking effect

Session 36

Rudder requirements

Session 37

One engine inoperative condition - Rudder lock

Session 38

Ailerons, elevators, rudder, trim

Session 39

tabs, wing flaps and spoilers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3Mf1XsQZvs

Session 40

Hinge moment and stick forces.

Hinge moment and stick forces

Session 41

Balancing the stick forces.

Case Studies

Case Studies

Our Main Teachers

Flight Dynamics, Aerodynamics, Experimental Aerodynamics