Course Objectives

• To develop basic knowledge of importance of irrigation, water requirements of crops, various irrigation techniques
• To understand basic concepts of soil, water and plants interactions, as well as various irrigation techniques design
• To learn about distribution systems for canal irrigation, design of unlined and lined irrigation canals

Course Outcomes

Course Syllabus

Module 1

Major and medium irrigation schemes of India, purpose of irrigation, environmental impact of irrigation projects, source of irrigation water, present status of development and utilization of different water resources of the country;

measurement of irrigation water: weir, flumes and orifices and other methods;

Practice

• Measurement of irrigation water

Module 2

open channel water conveyance system : design and lining of irrigation field channels, on farm structures for water conveyance, control & distribution;

underground pipe conveyance system: components and design;

Practice

• Determination of bulk density, field capacity and wilting point
• study of advance, recession and computation of infiltration opportunity time

Module 3

depth of irrigation, frequency of irrigation, irrigation efficiencies;

surface methods of water application: border, check basin and furrow irrigation- adaptability, specification and design considerations.

Practice

• Estimation of irrigation efficiency

Module 4

soil water plant relationship: soil properties influencing irrigation
management, soil water movement, infiltration, soil water potential, soil moisture characteristics, soil moisture constants, measurement of soil moisture, moisture stress and plant response;

water requirement of crops: concept of evapotranspiration (ET), measurement and estimation of ET, water and irrigation requirement of crops

Practice

• Measurement of infiltration characteristics
• Determination of bulk density, field capacity and wilting point
• Estimation of evapotranspiration

Suggested Reading

• Michael A.M. 2012. Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Vikas Publishing House New Delhi.
• Allen R. G., L. S. Pereira, D. Raes, M. Smith. 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration guidelines for computing crop water requirement. Irrigation and drainage Paper 56, FAO of United Nations, Rome.
• Murthy VVN. 2013. Land and Water Management Engineering. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Session Plan

Session 1

Major and medium irrigation schemes of India, purpose of irrigation, environmental impact of irrigation projects, source of irrigation water, present status of development and utilization of different water resources of the country

Lecture-01

Session 2

Volume methods of Irrigation measurement: Area-Velocity Method, Float method, Current meter, Tracer method

PPT: Lecture-02

Practice (1 hr)

• Measurement of irrigation water

Session 3

Weir types and discharge through weirs

Lecture-03

Session 4

Types of flumes and measurement of flow through flumes

Lecture-04

Session 5

Types of Orifice and Ventury Meter

Lecture-05

Session 6

Rigid and Mobile Boundary channel

Regimes of flow

Lecture-06_Water Conveyance

Practice (2 hr)

• Determination of bulk density, field capacity and wilting point

Session 7

Design of Economical Channel Section

Lecture-07_Part 1

Practice (3.5 hr)

• Study of advance, recession and computation of infiltration opportunity time;

Session 8

Bazin's formula, Kutter's Formula,

Chezy's Coefficient, Manning's Formula

Lecture-07_Part 2

Session 9

Keneddy's Theorem: Applications

Drawbacks of Kennedy's Theorem

Lecture-07_Part 3

Session 10

Lacey's Theorem: Application
Design Procedure
And Drawback of Lacey's Theorem

Lecture-07_Part 4

Session 11

Underground Water Conveyance System

Air Vents, End Plugs, Riser Valves

Sample Calculations

Lecture-08

Session 12

Types of Losses

Computation of Losses in Water Conveyance Channels

Measure to reduce losses

Lecture-09

Practice (2 hr)

• Estimation of irrigation efficiency

Session 13

Types of surface irrigation and their advantages and drawbacks

Lecture-10_Part 1

Session 14

Hydraulics of Border Irrigation

Lecture-10_Part 2

Session 15

Design of Border, Check Basin and Furrow Irrigation

Lecture-10_Part 3

Session 16

Irrigation Scheduling
Physiological growth stages, soil moisture range
Irrigation interval

Lecture-11

Practice (2 hr)

• Measurement of infiltration characteristics

Session 17

Types of soil water
Field Capacity, Wilting Point, Available Soil Moisture

Lecture-12_Part 1

Session 18

Yield response of plants to soil water
Flow of water through soils

Lecture-12_Part 2

Session 19

Lysimeters
Working mechanism of lysimeters

Lecture-13_Part 1

Session 20

Water Balance Method
Estimation of Evapotranspiration
Crop Coefficient

Lecture-13_Part 2

Practice (2 hr)

• Estimation of evapotranspiration

Case Studies