Surveying Techniques
Teacher
Prafulla Kumar Panda
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name : Surveying Techniques
Code(Credit) : CUTM2369 (1-2-0)
Course Objectives
- Apply the knowledge, techniques, skills and modern tools of mathematics, science, engineering, and technology to solve well-defined surveying problems appropriate to the discipline. To study the temporary adjustment of survey instruments by standard methods.
- Technical Adeptness - Graduates will be technically adept in Surveying Technology as well as supporting math and science disciplines, allowing these graduates to assist professional land surveyors in various surveying and mapping projects. Their technical skills and knowledge will enable them to perform their work duties with a commitment to quality, timeliness, and continuous improvement.
- To do various field works with the help of Modern Instruments e.g. GPS and DGPS, Total station and GPR.
- To Carry out topographic survey.
Learning Outcomes
- Carry out temporary adjustment of survey instruments by standard methods ,levelling and cross sectioning survey and setting out works
- Carry out topographic survey
- Doing centering, leveling & measuring coordinate points of area and calculation, transfer to data from Total station to software spectrum link
- Doing field work using of simple machine parts such as Total –Station, Auto- level
Course Syllabus
MODULE-1: INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING (2 hrs)
Classification and Principles of Surveying, Geodetic and Plane (Topographic) Surveying, Surveying Instruments, Geometry of Ellipsoid: Everest and WGS 84, Latitude and Longitude, Co-ordinate System and Map Projection: Polyconic Projection, Lambert Conformal Conic Projection, Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Map scale: Fractional or ratio scale, Linear Scale, Graphical Scale.
MODULE-2: BASIC SURVEY OPERATIONS (2Th+6Pr)
Leveling: Concept and principles of levelling, Mean Sea Level, different types of levelling, their application, Source of error in Levelling (instrumental, natural, and personal) and elimination of errors.
Traversing: Traverse angle, Observation of Traverse Length, Selection of Traverse Station, Traverse Field Notes, Angle misclosure, Sources of error in traverse. Balancing angles, Computation of Azimuth or Bearing, Departure and Latitudes, Traverse adjustment, rectangular co-ordinates.
Practice Session:
1. Calculation of RL using HI and Rise and fall method.
- Traverse by Total Station.
MODULE-3: TOTAL STATION (2Th+4Pr)
Characteristics of Total Station /Electronics Total Station instrument, Function performed by Total Station, Parts of Total Station instrument, Handling and Setting up a Total station, Horizontal angle measurement, Vertical angle measurement, distance and angle measurement, Remote Elevation Measurement (REM), coordinate measurement, to view the data/ points collected, area calculation, data download. Source of error in total station.
Applications of total station: Detail survey i.e., data collection., Height measurement (Remote elevation measurement- REM, fixing of missing pillars (or) Setting out (or) Stake out, Resection. etc. Remote distance measurement (RDM) or Missing line measurement (MLM).
Practice Session:
- Distance, angle and slope Measurements
4. Traverse adjustment (With help of software)
5. Area calculation using Total station
6. Height measurement (Remote elevation measurement- REM).
7. Fixing of missing pillars (or) Setting out (or) Stake out. - 8.Preparation of contour maps using total station and surfer software.
MODULE 4: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (2Th+4Pra) Hrs.
Introduction of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS): GNSS Satellites: Galileo, NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. Indian Regional Navigation System, Navigation with Indian Constellation (NivIK), Segments of GNSS/GPS: Control Segment, Space Segments, User Segment-operations of GPS; GPS signals and data; Geo-Positioning-Basic Concepts., accuracy, error sources and analysis, methodology for collection of data, adjustment computations and analysis.
MODULE 5: DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (2Th+4Pra) Hrs.
Differential Global Positioning System: Method DGPS/DGNSS, Static and Rapid Static, Kinematic-Real time kinematic Survey, DGPS-GPS data processing and Accuracy, Real Time Kinematic Survey; data down loading and processing. Application of GPS in Surveying and Mapping, Navigation, Military, Location Based Services, Vehicle tracking, etc. Limitation of GPS & DGPS.
MODULE 6: GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (2Th+4Pra) Hrs.
GPR Explain working principle of ground penetrating radar (GPR), Describe the type of antennas used with GPR for different type of underground material detection, Use ground penetrating radar until a predefined depth from sub-surface based on the conductivity of material. Explain use of sketch/single line diagram (SLD). Describe the use of GPS/DGP in sync with GPR to get all data populated on map. Describe the use of other Utility locator like electromagnetic locator and other utility locators.
MODULE 7: CADASTRAL SURVEY (2Th+4Pra) Hrs.
Cadastral map preparation methodology, unique identification number of parcel, position of existing control points and its types, Adjacent boundaries and features, Topology Creation and verification. Scale of Cadastral map, Cadastral Survey by Total Station.
Text Books:
1. Surveying Vol I & II, III B C Purnima, Laxmi Publication.
2. Surveying, volume 1&2 BY S.K.Duggal, TMH publisher.
Reference Books:
1. Surveying & Levelling by T.P Kanitkar& V S Kulkarni
E Books:
1. Source of reference; NSQF
Online Source: NPTEL Videos (www.nptel.ac.in )
Session Plan
Session 1
Historical survey practice: Introduction to surveying: Classification, Basic Principle
Session 2
Types of surveying and List of Instruments used in surveying.
ppt: http://courseware.cutm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/session-two.pdf
Session 3
Leveling: Concept and principles of levelling, different types of levelling, their application ,selection of station points, staff measurement locations, ideal location for etc. ,computation of Reduced levels through rise and fall method and height of collimation method.
ppt:levelling
video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7L3jaOvhoZk,
Session 5
Longitudinal and cross sectional Leveling
video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqx-It_IH7A
vlab:Carry out Profile Leveling using Auto Level:http://sl-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/exp3/index.php?section=Theory
Session 6
Identification of errors, understanding their source and rectifying the same ,different causes of errors in the leveling works, their impact on the project, procedure for laying slopes and gradients for roads, bridges, pipelines, canals etc ,errors in slope alignment and their implications, identification & rectifications ,procedures for making entries in the field book and make necessary calculations
ppt:levelling
Session 7
check levelling and Fly Leveling using Auto Level
video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSjIASApT6o
vlab:http://sl-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/exp2/index.php?section=Theory
Session 8
Total station: Parts of the instrument, operational panel, guide light, basic key operation, display functions, setting up the instrument, focusing and target sighting, angle measurement, setting the horizontal, distance and angle measurement.
ppt:Total Station
video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGTpuE5gha0
video:http://www.digimat.in/nptel/courses/video/105107158/L17.html
Session 9
Distance, angle and slope Measurements using total station
video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_DoEB4zWEQ
vlab::Observations of Vertical and Horizontal angles using Total Station:http://sl-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/exp4/index.php?section=Theory
Session 11
REM measurement, coordinate measurement ,to view the data/ points collected, area calculation, data download.
ppt:Total Station
Session 13
Applications of total station :Detail survey i.e., data collection., Height measurement (Remove elevation measurement- REM,Fixing of missing pillars (or) Setting out (or) Stake out, Resection. etc. Remote distance measurement (RDM) or Missing line measurement (MLM).
ppt:https://www.slideshare.net/TusharDholakia/total-station-and-its-
application-to-civil-engineering
edm:https://www.slideshare.net/AmanBathla5/electronic-distance-measurement-edm
Session 14
Height measurement (Remote elevation measurement- REM).
Session 15
Fixing of missing pillars (or) Setting out (or) Stake out using total station
Session 16
Concept of topographic survey, its importance and different methods of conducting topographic survey using modern and conventional instruments, calculations required for plotting contours, Interpretation and importance of contours. Knowledge of scale and key while plotting a contour map, represent topography of the area in required scale, different methods of computing levels.
video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgzAjk0gPSk
vlab:Carry out Contouring in the field :http://sl-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/exp9/index.php?section=Theory
Session 17
Preparation of contour maps using total station and surfer software.
video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6AFbS9-_z0
contour from google erath:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=237pVwC3fNk
using global mapper:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYovRvX0HEE
Session 18
Curves: Types of curves, Properties– simple, compound
ppt:Introduction to curve and elements of simple circular curve
ppt:compound curve
Session 20
Setting out of different curves (simple, compound, reverse and transition) using Total Station.
Session 21
Setting out of works
ppt;https://www.slideshare.net/atuldongare/setting-out-works-in-surveying
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Prafulla Kumar Panda working as an Assistant professor in department of civil engineering at Centurion University of Technology and Management. He obtained his B.Sc from Utkal university, Odisha ,M.Sc from Berhampur university Odisha, M.Tech from BharathiDasan University, Tamilnadu. He is previously worked at IIT Kanpur as Research Associate (2009-2011).He visited different countries such as UK, […]