Forensic Chemistry

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Shruti Rajwar

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Core Courses

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Course Name : Forensic Chemistry

Code(Credit) : CUTM1666(4-2-0)

Course Objectives

  • The study enhances ability of investigating officer in arson cases. Scientific study to analyse the explosives and Petroleum product and investigation in cases of IED.

Learning Outcomes

  • The methods of analyzing trace amounts of petroleum products in crime scene evidence.
  • The methods of analyzing contaminants in petroleum products.
  • The method of searching, collecting, preserving and analyzing arson evidence.
  • The classification of explosives, including the synthesis and characterization of representative analogs.
  • The significance of bomb scene management.
  • The techniques of locating hidden explosives.

Course Syllabus

MODULE I : PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Distillation and fractionation of petroleum. Commercial uses of different petroleum fractions.
Analysis of petroleum products. Analysis of traces of petroleum products in forensic exhibits.
Comparison of petroleum products. Adulteration of petroleum products.

MODULE II : CASES INVOLVING ARSON

Chemistry of fire. Conditions for fire. Fire scene patterns. Location of point of ignition. Recognition of type of fire. Searching the fire scene. Collection and preservation of arson evidence.
Analysis of fire debris. Analysis of ignitable liquid residue. Post-flashover burning.
Scientific investigation and evaluation of clue materials. Information from smoke staining.

MODULE III : EXPLSOIVES 

Classification of explosives – low explosives and high explosives. Homemade explosives. Military explosives. Blasting agents.
Synthesis and characteristics of TNT, PETN and RDX. Explosion process. Blast waves.
Bomb scene management.
Searching the scene of explosion. Mechanism of explosion. Post blast residue collection and analysis.
Blast injuries. Detection of hidden explosives.

REFERENCES :

1. J.D. DeHaan, Kirk’s Fire Investigation, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1991).
2. A.A. Moenssens, J. Starrs, C.E. Henderson and F.E. Inbau, Scientific Evidence in Civil and Criminal Cases, 4th Edition, The Foundation Press, Inc., New York (1995)
3. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s, Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).
4. S. Ballou, M. Houck, J.A. Siegel, C.A. Crouse, J.J. Lentini and S. Palenik in Forensic Science, D.H. Ubelaker (Ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester (2013).Online Resources: (Viewed on dtd. )

5. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004)

Session Plan

Session 1

Module I : Petroleum and petroleum products

Distillation and fractionation of petroleum.

Petroleum - general introduction

Session 2

Commercial uses of different petroleum fractions.

Session 4

Analysis of traces of petroleum products in forensic exhibits.

Note : Fuel Adulteration

Session 5

Comparison of petroleum products.

Petroleum-and-Adulteration

Session 6

Adulteration of petroleum products

Manual - petroleum

Session 7

Module II: Cases involving arson

chemistry of fire. Conditions of fire.

INTRODUCTION TO FIRE -CAUSES AND BEHAVIOUR

Session 8

Fire scene patterns

Video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmmAh87Anh8

Session 9

Location of points of ignition, Recognition of type of fire

Session 10

Searching of fire scene, collection and preservation of arson evidence

Fire Arson Investigation Manual 2002

Session 11

Analysis of fire debris

FIRE INVESTIGATION

Session 12

Analysis of ignitable liquid residue

Session 13

Post flashover burning

Session 14

Scientific investigation and evaluation of clue materials

PPT : arson investigation nad evaluation of clue materials

Session 15

Information from smoke staining.

Session 16

Module III: Explosives

Classification of explosives- low explosives and high explosives

Introduction and detection of explosives compounds

Introduction and detection of explosives compounds

PPT: Improvised Explosive Devices

Session 17

homemade explosives. Military explosives. Blasting agents.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfg8GjYH1qs

PPT: MILITARY Explosives

Session 19

Explosion process. Blast waves

Session 20

Bomb scene management

Session 21

searching the scene of explosion

Session 23

post blast residue collection and analysis.

Session 24

Blast injuries.

Video : https://wikem.org/wiki/Blast_injury

Session 25

Case Studies

Case Studies

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