Pharmaceutics-I

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Shubhashree Das

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Core Courses

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Course Name : Pharmaceutics-I

Code(Credit) : DCPY1101(4-2-0)

Course Objectives

This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the preparatory

pharmacy with arts and science of preparing the different conventional dosage forms.

Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:

  1. Know the history of profession of pharmacy.
  2. Understand the basics of different dosage forms, pharmaceutical incompatibilities and pharmaceutical calculations.
  3. Understand the professional way of handling the prescription.
  4. Preparation of various conventional dosage forms.

Course Syllabus

1. Introduction of different dosage forms. Their classification with examples-their relative applications. Familiarisation with new drug delivery systems.
2. Introduction to Pharmacopoeias with special reference to the Indian Pharmacopoeia.
3. Metrology: Systems of weights and measures. Calculations including conversion from one to another system. Percentage calculations and adjustments of products. Use of alligation method in calculations, Isotonic solutions.
4. Packing of Pharmaceuticals: Desirable features of a container: types of containers. Study of glass and plastics as materials for containers and rubber as material for closures-their merits and demerits. Introduction to aerosol packaging.
5. Size reduction Objectives, and factors affecting size reduction, methods of size reduction: Study of Hammer mill, Ball mill, Fluid Enegy Mill and Disintegrator.
6. Size separation: Size separation by sifting. Official Standard for powders. Sedimentation methods of size separation. Construction and working of cyclone separator.
7. Mixing and Homogenisation: Liquid mixing and powder mixing, Mixing of semisolids, Study of Silverson Mixer, Homogeniser, Planetary Mixer; Agitated powder mixer; Triple Roller Mill; Propeller Mixer, Colloid Mill and Hand Homogeniser. Double cone mixer.
8. Clarification and Filtration-Theory of filtration, Filter media; Filter aids and selection of filters. Study of the following filtration equipments,Filter Press, Sintered Filters, Filter Candles, Metafilter.
9. Extraction and Galenicals.
a. Study of percolation and maceration and their modification, continuous hot extraction: Applications in the preparation of tinctures and extracts.
b. Introduction to Ayurvedic dosage forms.
10. Heat processes Evaporation: Definition Factors affecting evaporation-Study of evaporating still and Evaporating Pan.
11. Distillation: Simple distillation and Fractional distillation; Steam distillation and vacuum distillation. Study of vacuum still, preparation of Purified Water I.P. and water for injection I.P. Construction and working of the still used for the same.
12. Introduction to drying processes: Study of Tray Dryers: Fluidized Bed Dryer, Vacuum Dryer and Freeze Dryer.
13. Sterilization: Concept of sterilization and its differences from disinfection-Thermal resistance of micro organisms. Detailed study of the following sterilization process.
(i) Sterilization with moist heat,
(ii) Dry heat sterilization,
(iii) Sterilization by radiation,
(iv) Sterilization by filtration and
(v) Gaseous sterilization.
Aseptic techniques. Application of sterilization processes in hospitals particularly with reference to surgical dressings and intravenous fluids. Precautions for safe and effective handling of sterilization equipment.
14. Processing of Tablets-Definition; Different types of compressed tablets and their properties. Processes involved in the production of tablets; Tablets excipients; Defects in tablets. Evaluation of Tablets; Physical Standards including Disintegration and Dissolution. Tablet coating, sugar coating; film coating, enteric coating and microencapsulation (Tablet coating may be dealt in an elementary manner.
15. Processing of Capsules, Hard and soft gelatin capsules; different sizes capsules; filling of capsules; handling and storage of capsules, Special applications of capsules.
16. Study of immunological products like sera vaccines, toxoids & their preparations.

Recommended Books

1.Pharmaceutics-I by R. M. Mehta, 2017.

2.Introduction to Pharmaceutics- I by Ashok K. Gupta, 2007.

Session Plan

Session 1

Session 3

Solid dosage form.

Solid dosage form

Session 5

Familiarisation with new drug delivery systems.

Session 7

Introduction to Pharmacopoeias with special reference to the Indian Pharmacopoeia.

Indian Pharmacopoeia

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4KOilnfw5Y

Session 8

Metrology: Systems of weights and measures, calculations including conversion from one to another system and percentage calculations and adjustments of products.

Metrology Systems of weights and measure,Calculations including conversion from one to another system and Percentage calculations and adjustments of products

Session 9

Use of allegation method in calculation.

Use of allegation method in calculations

Session 10

Isotonic solutions.

Isotonic solutions

Session 11

Packing of Pharmaceuticals- Desirable features of a container: types of containers.

Desirable features of a container :types of containers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnEfOVtO-CE

Session 12

Session 13

Study of plastics as material for containers.

Study of plastic as material for containers

Session 14

Rubber as material for closures-their merits and demerits.

Rubber as material for closures-their merits and demerits

Session 16

Size reduction Objectives, factors affecting size reduction and methods of size reduction.

Size reduction objective and its factors and methods of size reduction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bk7woT3EyWI

Session 18

Session 19

Size separation: Size separation by sifting and Official Standard for powders.

Size separation by sifting and official standard for powders

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5CqTVbrkt8

Session 20

Session 21

Session 27

Introduction to Clarification and Filtration and theory of Filtration.

Introduction to Clarification and Filtration. Theory of Filtration

Session 28

Filter media; Filter aids and selection of filters.

Filter media and filter aids

Session 29

Study Filter Press and Sintered Filters.

Filter Press and Sintered Filters

Session 30

Study of Filter Candles.

Filter Candles

Session 31

Study of Metafilter.

Metafilter

Session 32

Introduction to Extraction and galenicals.

Introduction to Extraction and galenicals

Session 33

Study of percolation.

Percolation

Session 34

Study of Maceration and their modification.

Maceration

Session 35

Introduction to Ayurvedic dosage forms (liquid and semisolid).

INTRODUCTION TO AYURVEDIC DOSAGES FORMS (liquid and semisolid)

Session 36

Introduction to Ayurvedic dosage forms (solid).

INTRODUCTION TO AYURVEDIC DOSAGES FORMS (solid)

Heat processes Evaporation: Definition Factors affecting evaporation.

Evaporation and factors affecting evaporation

Session 37

Session 38

Study of evaporating still and Evaporating Pan.

Study of evaporating still and Evaporating Pan

Session 39

Distillation: Simple distillation and Fractional distillation.

Simple distillation and Fractional distillation

Session 40

Steam distillation and vacuum distillation.

Steam distillation and vacuum distillation

Session 41

Study of vacuum still, preparation of Purified Water I.P and Water for injection I.P. by Distillation.

Study of vacuum still, Preparation of Purified Water I. P. And Water for Injection I. P. By Distillation

Session 42

Introduction to drying processes and Study of Tray Dryers.

Drying process and study of trey dryer

Session 43

Fluidized Bed Dryer.

Fluidised bed dryer

Session 44

Vacuum Dryer.

Vacuum dryer

Session 45

Freeze Dryer.

Freeze Dryer

Session 46

Sterilization: Concept of sterilization and its differences from disinfection.

Concept of sterilization and its differences from disinfection.

Session 47

Thermal resistance of micro organisms.

Thermal resistance of micro organisms

Session 48

Sterilization with moist heat.

Moist Heat sterilization

Session 49

Dry heat sterilization.

Dry heat sterilization

Session 50

Sterilization by radiation.

Sterilization by radiation

Session 51

Sterilization by filtration.

Sterilization by filtration

Session 52

Gaseous sterilization.

Gaseous sterilization

Session 53

Aseptic techniques in sterilization.

Aspetic technique in sterilization

Session 54

Application of sterilization processes in hospitals particularly with reference to surgical dressings and intravenous fluids and Precautions for safe and effective handling of sterilization equipment.

Application and precaution in sterilization

Session 55

Processing of Tablets-Definition and Different types of compressed tablets and their properties.

Introduction to Tablets and Different types of compressed tablets and their properties

Session 56

Processes involved in the production of tablets.

Processes involved in the production of tablets

Session 57

Tablets excipients.

Tablets excipients

Session 58

Defects in tablets.

Defects in tablets

Session 59

Evaluation of Tablets; Physical Standards including Disintegration and Dissolution.

Evaluation of Tablets

Session 60

Evaluation of Tablets; Physical Standards including Disintegration and Dissolution.

Evaluation of Tablets

Session 61

Tablet coating. Sugar coating; film coating. Enteric coating.

Tablet coating

Session 62

Microencapsulation.

Microencapsulation

Session 63

Introduction to capsule.

Introduction to capsule

Session 64

Hard gelatin capsule.

Hard gelatin capsule

Session 65

Soft gelatin capsule.

Soft gelatin capsule

Session 66

Study of immunological products like sera vaccines, toxoids.

Study of immunological products like sera vaccines, toxoids.

Session 67

Preparations of immunological products like sera vaccines, toxoids.

Preparations of immunological products like sera vaccines, toxoids

Session 68

Previous five years question answer discussion.

Practical

1. Aromatic waters

2. Solutions

3. Spirits

4. Tinctures

5. Extracts

6. Creams

7. Cosmetic preparations

8. Capsules

9. Tablets

10. Preparations involving sterilization

11. Ophthalmic preparations

12. Preparations involving aseptic techniques

Experiment 1

Aromatic waters- Camphor water I.P.

Campor water I.P.

Experiment 2

Chloroform water I. P.

Chloroform water I. P.

Experiment 3

Concentrated peppermint water B. P.

Concentrated peppermint water B. P.

Experiment 4

Aqueous iodine solution I. P.
Aqueous iodine solution I. P.

Experiment 6

Weak iodine solution I. P.

Weak iodine solution I. P.

Experiment 7

Calcium hydroxide topical solution.

Calcium hydroxide topical solution

Experiment 8

Peppermint Spirit.

Peppermint spirit

Experiment 9

Chloroform Spirit.

Chloroform spirit

Experiment 12

Zinc sulfate eye drop.

Zinc sulphate eye drop

Experiment 13

Boric acid eye lotion.

Boric acid eye lotion

Experiment 14

Quality control test for marketed paracetamol tablet.

Quality control test for tablet

Experiment 15

Quality control test for capsule.

Quality control test for capsule

Experiment 16

Preparation involving aseptic technique.

Aspectic technique

Experiment 18

Orange tincture.

Orange tincture

Experiment 19

Prepare and submit 15 ml of nail lacquer remover.

Nail remover

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9lKqmXPpyo

Experiment 20

To prepare, label and submit 25 ml of clear liquid shampoo.

Liquid shampoo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzhiAaKp34A&t=127s

Recommended Books

1. Practical Pharmaceutics by R. S. Gaud and G. D. Gupta, 2011.

2.Pharmaceutics-I (Practical Note Book) by A. K. Gupta and V. K. Jain, 2011.

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