Principles of Plant Breeding

Teacher

Dr. Vinay Kumar

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name: PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING

Code (Credit): MPGB0502 (2-1-0)

Course Objectives

-To acquire Skills about plant breeding objectives, genetic consequences and different plant breeding methods for crop improvement.

-To impart knowledge to the students on the principles and procedures of plant breeding in self and cross pollinated crops for development of the high yielding varieties / hybrids with the help of various conventional and modern molecular approaches.

-To get knowledge of genetic resources, evolution and their role in development of noble varieties is the need of the hour.

 

Course Outcomes (CO) - Program Specific Outcome (PSO) Mapping

COs   Course outcomes Mapping COs with PSOs
CO1 Understanding the basic concepts of plant breeding PSO1
CO2 Analyze the different selection and breeding methods applied in crop improvement PSO2
CO3 Development of varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses and quality improvement PSO1
CO4  Understanding the rights related to research, varietal development and seed production PSO3, PSO4

 

Programme Specific Outcomes

PSO1: Impart knowledge and understanding of fundamental concepts and techniques of maintaining and enhancing soil fertility, crop production, crop management, crop improvement, biodiversity and sustainability of agriculture worldwide.

PSO2: Develop the ability to know farming practices and their scope to improve in the rural areas and the environments.

PSO3: Apply knowledge of basic science through Agricultural microbiology, Plant biochemistry and Biotechnology.

PSO4: Apply knowledge of Agri-business management and finance to develop profitable agricultural system.

Course Syllabus

Theory

Early Plant Breeding; Accomplishments through plant breeding; Objectives of plant breeding; Patterns of Evolution in Crop Plants: Centre of Origin, Agro-biodiversity and its significance. Pre-breeding and plant introduction and role of plant genetic resources in plant breeding. Genetic basis of breeding: self and cross pollinated crops including mating systems and response to selection; Nature of variability, components of variation; Heritability and genetic advance, genotype environment interaction; General and specific combining ability; Types of gene actions and implications in plant breeding. Pure line theory, pure line and mass selection methods; pedigree, bulk, backcross, single seed descent and multiline breeding; Population breeding in self-pollinated crops with special reference to diallel selective mating; Transgressive breeding.Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops; Population breeding: mass selection and ear-to-row methods; S1 and S2 progeny testing, progeny selection schemes, recurrent selection schemes for intra and inter-population improvement and development of synthetics and composites. Hybrid breeding: genetically and physiological basis of heterosis and inbreeding, production of inbreeds, breeding approaches for improvement of inbreeds, predicting hybrid performance; seed production of hybrid and their parent varieties/ inbreeds. Self-incompatibility, male sterility and apomixes in crop plants and their commercial exploitation. Breeding methods in asexually/ clonally propagated crops, clonal selection. Special breeding techniques: Mutation breeding, breeding for abiotic and biotic stresses; Concept of plant ideotype and its role in crop improvement, concept of MAS, concept of polyploidy and wide hybridization, doubled haploidy. Cultivar development: testing, release and notification, maintenance breeding, Participatory Plant Breeding, Plant breeders’ rights and regulations for plant variety protection and farmers rights.

Practical

Floral biology in self and cross pollinated species; Selfing and crossing techniques; Selection methods in segregating populations and evaluation of breeding material; Analysis of variance (ANOVA); Estimation of heritability and genetic advance; Maintenance of experimental records; Learning techniques in hybrid seed production using male-sterility in field crops; Prediction of performance of double cross hybrid.

Text Books / References

Allard RW. 1981. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley & Sons.

Chahal GS and Gossal, SS. 2002. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding Biotechnological and Conventional approaches. Narosa Publishing House.

Chopra VL. 2004. Plant Breeding. Oxford& IBH.

George A. 2012. Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. John Wiley & Sons. Gupta SK. 2005. Practical Plant Breeding. Agribios.

Jain HK and Kharakwal MC. 2004. Plant Breeding and–Mendelian to Molecular Approach, Narosa Publications, New Delhi

Roy D. 2003. Plant Breeding, Analysis and Exploitation of Variation. Narosa Publ. House. Sharma JR. 2001. Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding. Tata McGraw-Hill.

Sharma JP. 2010. Principles of Vegetable Breeding. Kalyani Publ, New Delhi. Simmonds NW.1990. Principles of Crop Improvement. English Language Book Society. Singh BD. 2006. Plant Breeding. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Singh S and Pawar IS. 2006. Genetic Bases and Methods of Plant Breeding. CBS.

Session Plan

Theory

Session 1

Unit I: Early Plant Breeding, Accomplishments through plant breeding, Objectives of plant breeding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ATRfaiaOLg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ0O0-tbhCs&list=PLMwQyDnbQLRUsaJXwn0lgTREs3e3pmqYi

Session 2

Patterns of Evolution in Crop Plants: Centre of Origin

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlTYkck6VyA

Session 3

Agro-biodiversity and its significance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OwnpKnnx_k

Session 4

Pre-breeding and plant introduction and role of plant genetic resources in plant breeding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFD3CbntRBs

Session 5

Unit II: Genetic basis of breeding: self and cross pollinated crops including mating systems and response to selection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5d8e2uk60o

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YW-N22XbkrE

Session 6

Nature of variability

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-fahDaANhs&t=202s

Session 7

Components of variation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irBsWit146E

Session 8

Heritability and genetic advance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBgQ88MtkPc

Session 9

Genotype environment interaction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkfA92PJSqY

Session 10

General and specific combining ability

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znFH1-39lGc&t=532s

Session 11

Types of gene actions and implications in plant breeding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_5aY9iSdd0

Session 12

Unit III: Pure line theory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YVTOOxGbBI

Session 13

Pure line and mass selection methods

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae8NdsVEZuE&t=41s

Session 15

Population breeding in self-pollinated crops with special reference to diallel selective mating

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLjImv85k84&t=235s

Session 16

Transgressive breeding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov8PuyL83Co

Session 17

Unit IV: Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ES4zJ5YvkFY

Session 18

Population breeding: mass selection and ear-to-row methods

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qw9WH8Ex0Zo

Session 19

S1 and S2 progeny testing, progeny selection schemes, recurrent selection schemes for intra and inter-population improvement and development of synthetics and composites

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znFH1-39lGc&t=120s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1MtUXX_wfw

Session 20

Hybrid breeding: genetically and physiological basis of heterosis and inbreeding, production of inbreeds

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yqdEFeI9ZM

Session 21

Breeding approaches for improvement of inbreeds, predicting hybrid performance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGTy19vhUSU

Session 22

Seed production of hybrid and their parent varieties/ inbreeds

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=If8OspxeqjU

Session 24

Male sterility and apomixes in crop plants and their commercial exploitation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTRZTnS5L_g

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIs2BHGotyo

Session 25

Unit V: Breeding methods in asexually and clonally propagated crops, clonal selection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJe4LeJ1qrU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwbH0en5m4c

Session 26

Unit VI: Special breeding techniques: Mutation breeding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccvykKdp-8c

Session 27

Breeding for abiotic and biotic stresses

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qSK6v2Vh6o

Session 28

Concept of plant ideotype and its role in crop improvement

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5R9CoeNH0YA

Session 30

Unit VII: Cultivar development: Testing, release and notification, maintenance breeding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R14D0d0rxjw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1YKZhLJFVw

Session 31

Participatory Plant Breeding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkwizxy6P-M

Session 32

Plant breeders’ rights and regulations for plant variety protection and farmers rights

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzNpBN5C4Ec

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcPpyr5jJT4

Practical

Practice session 1

To know the difference between Self pollinated crops, Cross Pollinated crops, Often cross pollinated crops,    Pueline, Inbred line

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuPFvIJY0U0

Practice session 2

Floral biology in self pollinated species (Rice)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdMQ5CO2_fs

Practice session 3

Floral biology in self pollinated species (Wheat)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtn_TkPaz4M

Practice session 4

Floral biology in self pollinated species (Barley)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7kALbq_UKo

Practice session 5

Floral biology cross pollinated species (Maize)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ebT_EEXsJQ

Practice session 6

Floral biology cross pollinated species (Bajra)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-jxaRcOz4Q

Practice session 8

Selection methods in segregating populations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQv29ftIydM

Practice session 9

Evaluation of breeding material

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpFduk5CVq4

Practice session 10

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mWa59JdjFo

Practice session 11

Estimation of heritability

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orFGTDevl2I

Practice session 12

Genetic advance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBgQ88MtkPc&t=150s

Practice session 13

Maintenance of experimental records

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLKrozDEOfY

Practice session 14

Learning techniques in hybrid seed production using male-sterility in field crops

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxNvvsQ7jJk

Practice session 15

Prediction of performance of double cross hybrid

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9ypV9wW12A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVHJNi75yKw

Practical session 16

 

Revision of all practice session

E- Materials

Question Bank

Assignment

Assingment on PPB

Course- revise

This is a new course added to the MSc (Ag) in Genetics and Plant Breeding curriculum as per the BSMA 2023 notification. Some noteworthy topic inclusions are:

Cultivar development: testing, release and notification, maintenance breeding.

Seed production of hybrid and their parent varieties/ inbreeds.

Participatory Plant Breeding

Our Main Teachers

Dr. Vinay Kumar

Associate Professor
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I am a Plant breeder, Now working on application of nano particles in  post harvest management of horticultural crops, mainly Onion. I along with co-workers reported first time worldwide a colorimetric sensor for visual detection of post harvest spoilage of onions. I have keen interest in horticultural crops and its value addition.