Visual Optics I

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Sravani Mereddy

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Core Courses

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Course Name : Visual Optics I

Code - CUTM 1786

Credits - 3+2+0

Course Objectives:

This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters:

Geometric Optics is the study of light and its behavior as it propagates in a variety of media. Specifically, the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light at boundaries between media and subsequent image formation will be dealt with in detail.

Reflections at plane and spherical surfaces and refractions at plane, spherical, cylindrical and toric surfaces will be studied in this course.

Attention will be given to the system of surfaces and/or lenses and their imaging properties. The effect of aperture stops on the quality of images, such as blur and aberrations, depth of field and depth of focus, will also be studied.



Course Outcomes:

CO1: Understand the knowledge of mirrors and lenses.

CO 2: Apply skills in refractive and reflective surfaces

CO 3: Implement properties of the images formed on the retina by the optics of the eye.

CO 4: Evaluate different types of lenses and frames.

CO 5: Develop different types of lenses

Course Syllabus

Module I: 

Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics and Light

  • Review of Geometrical Optics: Vergence and power, Conjugacy, Object space and image space, Sign convention, Spherical refracting surface
  • Optical Elements: Spherical mirror; catoptric power, Cardinal points, Magnification, Light and visual function

Module II: 

Optical Phenomena and Clinical Relevance

  • Optical Phenomena: Fluorescence, Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, Birefringence, Dichroism
  • Aberrations: Aberration and application, Spherical and Chromatic

Module III: 

Optics of Ocular Structures and Measurements

  • Ocular Structures: Cornea and aqueous, Crystalline lens, Vitreous, Schematic and reduced eye
  • Measurements of Optical Constants: Corneal curvature and thickness, Keratometry, Curvature of the lens and ophthalmophakometry, Axial and axis of the eye

Module IV: 

Vision Science and Visual Performance

  • Basic Aspects of Vision: Visual Acuity, Light and Dark Adaptation, Color Vision, Spatial and Temporal Resolution, Color vision & theories
  • Measuring Visual Performance: Science of Measuring visual performance and application to Clinical Optometry, Contrast Sensitivity

Module V:

 Refractive Anomalies and Conditions

  • Refractive Anomalies: Etiology, Contributing variability and their ranges, Population distributions, Optical component measurements, Growth of the eye in relation to refractive errors
  • Refractive Conditions: Emmetropia, Ametropia types, Correction of Refractive errors, Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism types, Axial versus refractive ametropia

Practical:

  • Amplitude of accommodation- pushup method, minus to blur, Keratometry
  • Contrast Sensitivity
  • Retinoscope Basics- spherical Ametropia

 

Reference Books:

 

  1. Clinical Optics, Andrew R Elkington& Helena J Frank - Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford – London
  2. Clinical Visual optics Arthur G Bennett Ronald B Rabbetts -Butterworth- Heinemann Second edition 1989
  3. Visual Optics and Refraction- A clinical approach David D Michaels: The C.V. Mosby Co., 1985.
  4. Optics and Refraction A User-friendly guide David Miller 1991 Gower Medical Publishing.

Session Plan:

Session 1:

Review of Geometrical Optics : Sign convention,vergence and power, Object space and image space, Conjugacy.

Suggested reading: Geometrical and visual Optics by Steven H.S.,Page no 1-13

Clinical Optics: Troy fennin Page no 1-3

VIDEO:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/geometric-optics/reflection-refraction/v/specular-and-diffuse-reflection

https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mechanical-engineering/2-71-optics-spring-2014/lecture-notes/MIT2_71S14_lec2_notes.pdf

Session-2

Review of Geometrical Optics : Sign convention,vergence and power, Object space and image space, Conjugacy.

 

Suggested reading: Clinical Optics: Troy fennin Page no 1-3

VIDEOS:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/geometric-optics/lenses/v/diopters-aberration-and-the-human-eye

Session-3

Spherical mirror: Cardinal points, Catoptric power Magnification.

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 14-18

VIDEOS:https://www.slideshare.net/rabbiaammer2/cardinal-points-80945433

http://paristech.institutoptique.fr/site.php?id=181&fileid=345

Session-4

Spherical mirror: Cardinal points, Catoptric power Magnification.

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 14-18

VIDEO:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-2/ap-geometric-optics#ap-lenses

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class10th-physics/in-in-10th-physics-light-reflection-refraction/in-in-mirror-formula-magnification/v/mirror-formula

Session-5

Spherical refracting surface, Cardinal points, Sign convention, ,Magnification.

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 19-27

PPT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-wWNibFlU8&list=PLBsOKVluPZkLtBsgRby-x_Ss2rXlYPToh&index=4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm3ZWI6I6pI

Session-6

Spherical refracting surface, Cardinal points, Sign convention, ,Magnification.

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 19-27

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-2/ap-geometric-optics#ap-lenses

Session-7

Light and visual function.

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 1-4, 19-27,

comprehensive ophthalmology Chapter 2 Page no 13-18

VIDEOS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Io-HXZTepH4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pj_ya0e20vE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKr91v7yLcM&list=RDCMUCJ0yBou72Lz9fqeMXh9mkog&index=13

Session-8

Clinical Relevance of  Fluorescence

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 4-12

Comprehensive ophthalmology Chapter 21 Page no 480-481,487

VIDEOS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWkT9teuBlQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06tzqFHmKyU

Session-9

Clinical Relevance of Interference

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 4-12,

Textbook of Optics-1 by N.Subrahmanyam

Videos:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r18Gi8lSkfM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NazBRcMDOOo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PU-SeNfIRcs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTxDyYHaYAI

 

Session-10

Clinical Relevance of Diffraction

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 4-12,

Optics-1 by N.Subrahmanyam

VIDEOS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-oQKSLhLKw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40gGtfTTtls

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFFW20YnGsQ

Session-11

Clinical Relevance of Diffraction

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 4-12,

Optics-1 by N.Subrahmanyam

VDIEOS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPDX2JEIPk&list=PLBsOKVluPZkLtBsgRby-x_Ss2rXlYPToh&index=12

Session-12

Clinical Relevance of Polarization, Bi-refringence, Dichroism

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 4-12,

Optics-1 by N.Subrahmanyam

VIDEOS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YkfEft4p-w

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoZar-gCj3E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRwFcZkm8WI

Session-13

Clinical Relevance of Polarization, Bi-refringence, Dichroism

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction,AK.Khurana, Chapter 1,Page no 4-12,

Optics-1 by N.Subrahmanyam

Session-14

Spherical abberration and applications

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 1Page no 36-39

Geometrical and visual Optics by Steven H.S.,chpter no 15,page no 241-245,

Clinical Optometry by troy fennin chapter 6

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E85FZ7WLvao

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EL9J3Km6wxI&t=94s

Session-15

Chromatic abberration and applications

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 1Page no 36-39

Geometrical and visual Optics by Steven H.S.,Page no 1-13,

Clinical Optometry by troy fennin chapter 6

VIDEOS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMp87Iw-WoI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsj3oH0mELI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_W4RygGxXxg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DspKhNiygDU&list=PLBsOKVluPZkLtBsgRby-x_Ss2rXlYPToh&index=10

Session-16

Optics of Ocular Structure: Cornea and aqueous, Crystalline lens, Vitreous

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 1Page no 31-36,

Clinical Optometry by troy fennin.

VIDEOS:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/nervous-system-and-sensory-infor/sight-vision/v/vision-structure-of-the-eye

Session-17

Optics of Ocular Structure: Cornea and aqueous, Crystalline lens, Vitreous

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 1Page no 31-36,

Clinical Optometry by troy fennin.

 

VIDEOS:

Session-18

Optics of Ocular Structure: Cornea and aqueous, Crystalline lens, Vitreous

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 1Page no 31-36,

Clinical Optometry by troy fennin.

VIDEOS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKVq865UYiA

Session-19

Schematic and reduced eye

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 1Page no 31-36

Clinical Optometry by troy fennin. Chapter 3

VIDEOS:https://www.slideshare.net/GauriSShrestha/schematic-eye-7881296

Session-20

Schematic and reduced eye

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 1Page no 31-36

Clinical Optometry by troy fennin. Chapter 3

Session-21

Schematic and reduced eye

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 1Page no 31-36

Clinical Optometry by troy fennin. Chapter 3

https://www.coursera.org/lecture/design-high-performance-optical-systems/reduced-eye-model-0ScA0

Session-22

Measurements of Optical Constants of the Eye : Corneal curvature ,Keratometry

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter6 Pageno168-180

VIDEOS:https://www.slideshare.net/ankitamahapatra7/keratometry-113081646

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ig82EVvfuYo

Session-23

Measurements of Optical Constants of the Eye : Corneal curvature ,Keratometry

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter6 Pageno168-180

Session-24

Measurements of Optical Constants of the Eye : Corneal curvature ,Keratometry

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter6 Pageno168-180

Session-25

Measurements of Optical Constants of the Eye : Ophthalmophakometry Curvature of the lens and ,Axial length of the eye

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter Page no 324-345

PPT:https://www.slideshare.net/rakeshjaiswal10/biometry-iol-calculations

https://www.slideshare.net/hmirzaeee/biometry

VIDEO:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qsBQIj4wUs

Session-26

Measurements of Optical Constants of the Eye : Ophthalmophakometry Curvature of the lens and ,Axial length of the eye

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter Page no 324-345

Session-27

Measurements of Optical Constants of the Eye : Ophthalmophakometry Curvature of the lens and ,Axial length of the eye

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter Page no 324-345

Session-28

Measurements of Optical Constants of the Eye : Ophthalmophakometry Curvature of the lens and ,Axial length of the eye

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter Page no 324-345

Session-29

Basic Aspects of Vision : Visual Acuity

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 2 Page no 40-55,

Comprehensive Opthalmology chapter 21 Page no 461-465

PPT:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovuyPrffiqg

https://www.slideshare.net/helleravinas/best-ppt-on-visual-acuity

Session-30

Basic Aspects of Vision : Visual Acuity

Suggested reading: Optics and refraction by A.K.Khurana chapter 2 Page no 40-55,

Comprehensive Opthalmology chapter 21 Page no 461-465

https://www.perkinselearning.org/videos/webcast/visual-acuity-testing-part-2-acuity-cards-and-testing-procedures

Session-31

Basic Aspects of Vision : Light and Dark Adaptation.

Suggested reading: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, AKKhurana Chapter 2

PPT:https://www.slideshare.net/GauriSShrestha/light-and-dark-adaptation-13491647

Session-32

Basic Aspects of Vision : Color Vision.

Suggested reading: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, A.K.Khurana Chapter 2

PPT:https://www.color-blindness.com/

http://www.colourblindawareness.org/colour-blindness/types-of-colour-blindness/

https://www.slideshare.net/faslu1143/colour-vision-test

 

Session-33

Basic Aspects of Vision : Color Vision.

Suggested reading: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, A.K.Khurana Chapter 2

Session-34

Basic Aspects of Vision : Spatial and Temporal Resolution

Suggested reading: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, AKKhurana Chapter 2

PDF:https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/13520/1/Gillespie-Gallery,%20Hanna%20(redacted).pdf

Session-35

Science of Measuring visual performance and application to Clinical Optometry.

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3,Page no 68-69

Session-36

Science of Measuring visual performance and application to Clinical Optometry.

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3,Page no 68-69

VIDEOS:https://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/electrophysiology/the-electroretinogram-clinical-applications/

https://www.medicine.mcgill.ca/physio/vlab/Other_exps/EOG/eogproc_n.htm

https://diopsys.com/advanced-patient-care/vep-vision-test/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvmCyI6ZtBA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LCkDwcXMHE

Session-37

Refractive anomalies and their causes : Etiology of refractive anomalies

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3,Page no 68-69

Session-38

Refractive anomalies and their causes : Etiology of refractive anomalies

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3,Page no 68-69

Session-39

Contributing variability and their ranges, Populating distributions of anomalies Optical component measurements

Suggested reading: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, AKKhurana Chapter 3

Session-40

Growth of the eye in relation to refractive errors.

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refractionA.K.Khurana,40-67

Refractive conditions: Emmetropia, Ametropia types

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3,Page no 68-69

Axial versus refractive ametropia

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3

Session-41

Myopia

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3,Pageno80-87

PPT:http://courseware.cutm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Myopia-1.pptx

Hyperopia

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3,Page no69-80

PPT:http://courseware.cutm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Hypermetropia.pptx

Session-42

Astigmatism

Suggested reading: Theory and Practice of optics and refraction A.K.Khurana chapter 3,Page no 80-91

PPT:http://courseware.cutm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Astigmatism.pptx

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