Course Objectives

• To study the basic principles and movement of ground water and properties of ground water flow.

• To study the watershed characters and applications.

• To study the ground water resources mapping and surface water resources mapping.

• To study the hydrological disaster and role of earth observation technology.

Course Outcomes

• Course outcome
  

  COs	Course outcomes	Mapping COs with POs (High-3, Medium-2, Low-1)
  CO1	To describe the hydrological cycle, types of rainfall, and computation of the direct runoff hydrograph for different storms using unit hydrograph theory.	Engineering knowledge:PO1[3], Conduct investigations of complex problems: PO4[2]
  CO2	To explain the importance of flood forecasting, flood routing, and flood protections in mitigating the impacts of floods.	Problem analysis:PO2[3], Design/development of solutions:PO3[3]
  CO3	To understand the concepts of dams, including their causes of failure and economical height, and to determine the reservoir capacity.	Engineering knowledge:PO1[2], Problem analysis:PO2[3], Design/development of solutions:PO3[3]
  CO4	To understand the water requirements of crops and consumptive use, as well as the quality of water needed for irrigation.	Problem analysis:PO2[3], Environment and sustainability: PO7[2]
  CO5	To estimate the canal capacity, design the canal, and proficiently perform the functions and components of a diversion headworks, including waterlogging control.	Conduct investigations of complex problems:PO4[3], Modern tool usage: PO5[2]

Course Syllabus

MODULE I: INTRODUCTION ( 2 hrs+1hrs)

Hydrological cycle, Types of Rainfall, Precipitation - measurement - average precipitation over a basin, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration - Infiltration indices. Runoff -Overland flow, Types of aquifers.

Practice Session: (1hr)

1. Determination of infiltration capacity using double ring infiltrometer. 

MODULE II: HYDROGRAPH (3hr+2hr)

Direct runoff, Base flow, separation of base flow- Hydrograph, Unit hydrograph - Assumptions of Unit hydrograph, derivation of unit hydrograph from direct runoff hydrograph, Computation of direct runoff hydrograph for different storms using unit hydrograph theory. 

Practice Session:(2hr)

2. Construction of a double mass curve using Python. 1hr
3. Hydrograph analysis using Python. 1hr

MODULE III: FLOOD MANAGEMENT (1hr+2hr)

Floods- type and causes of occurrence, flood classification- probable maximum flood, standard project flood, design flood, Flood forecasting, Flood routing-channel routing, and flood protections.

Practice Session:(2 hr)

4. Determination of the flood stage-discharge relationship in a watershed using Python 1hr
5. Determination of flood peak-area relationships using Python 1hr

MODULE IV: HYDROPOWER ENGINEERING (2hr+4hr)

Dams and their causes of failure, economical height of dams, planning of water resources projects, Reservoir Planning: Storage capacity of reservoirs, Yield from reservoir, Reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation.

Practice Session:(4 hr)

6. Design of Stability analysis of gravity dam. 2hr
7. Various cases of Failure of concrete gravity dam.2hr

MODULE VI: IRRIGATION ENGINEERING (1hr+2hr)

Water requirements of crops, consumptive use, quality of water for irrigation, irrigation methods and their efficiencies. 

Practice Session: (2hr)

8. Numerical analysis of Irrigation Parameters (Duty, Base Period, Delta and Efficiencies).2hr

MODULE VI: CANAL IRRIGATION (3hr+3hr)

Classification of canals, Canal losses, Alignment of main and distributary canals, most efficient section, Cross section of irrigation canals, water logging - causes and control. 

Practice Session: (3hr)

9. Design of irrigation canal using Kennedy’s and Lacey’s theory. 2 hr
10. Design of lined canal. 1hr

MODULE VII: DIVERSION HEAD WORKS (3hr+2hr)

Functions and components of a diversion head work - Function - selection of site - type of weirs on pervious foundations - cause of failure - Bligh's creep theory and Khosla's theory - complete design of a vertical drop weir.

Practice Session:(2hr)

11. Design of head regulators and cross regulators. 2hr

12. Field visits for various irrigation structures.

E Books:

1. Todd D.K., (2000) Ground Water Hydrology, John Wiley and Sons,
2. Subramanya (2008) Engineering Hydrology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
3. Ahmadi, A., Akhbari., M., and Karamouz, M (2011) Groundwater Hydrology: Engineering, Planning and Management, CRC Press.
4. Saeid Eslamian (2014) Handbook of Engineering Hydrology: Environmental hydrology and water management, CRC Press.
5. G. Anderson and Jeffrey J Mc Donnell (2005) Encyclopedia of hydrological Science, J Wiley.

Session Plan

Session 1

Hydrological cycle, Types of Rainfall, Precipitation

Hydrological

precipitation

Session 2

Evaporation, transpiration,

InfiltrationprecipitationTranspiration, Infiltration indices

Session 3

Ground water flow, Types of aquifersGroundwater_Aqifer

Session 4

Hydrograph: Direct runoff, Base flow, separation of base flowHyetograph

Session 5

Practice: 1 Determination of infiltration capacity using double ring infiltrometer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYvfTxQhbOQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkC8SV6lR4w

Session 6

Practice: 2

1. Construction of double mass curve using EXCEL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnBVhkM5eQs

2. Hydrograph analysis using EXCEL.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcn823VIwDA

Session 7

Flood damage analysis, Flood estimation, Frequency analysis, Flood routing through reservoirs and open channels

Flood

Session 8

Necessity of Rainwater HarvestingRainwater Harvesting_1, Importance of Rain water harvesting, Rainwater harvesting method

Session 9

Practice: 3

Mapping of Drainage order from toposheetshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjBahatpnjk

Session 10

Groundwater Pollution: Sources of pollution; Municipal, Industrial, Agriculture and Miscellaneous, Potential evaluation of groundwater pollution
Groundwaterpollution

Session 11

Types, Investigations, Site selection, Zones of storage, Safe yield, Reservoir capacity, Reservoir sedimentation and control

reservor

Session 12

Introduction to Dams Introduction and types of dams, spillways and ancillary works, Site assessment and selection of type of dam, Information about major dams and reservoirs of India.

DAM and its Type

QUESTION BANK

Define Hydrology.

Give definitions: Hydrology, Precipitation Evapo transpiration, Run off, Interception

Enlist different recording type of rain gauges and explain any one of type rain gauge with suitable sketch in brief.

Explain the following methods for computing average rainfall over a basin.

• Arithmetic average method
• Thiesson’s polygon method
• Isohyetal method

Give short note on:

• Depth area duration curve
• Double mass curve

How to estimate the missing precipitation record of any rain gauge station? Discuss various methods for it in brief.

Explain the following terms in brief:

• Infiltration capacity
• Infiltration rate
• Infiltration indices (w-index and ф-index)

Explain the following terms:

Depression, Infiltration, Hyetograph, Frequency of rainfall, Intensity of rainfall

Explain the terms:

Aquifer, Artisan well, Perched Aquifer, Darcy’s law, Confined Aquifer

What is unit hydrograph? What are the limitations of unit hydrograph?

Explain S-curve hydrograph.

The peak values of the floods from the year 1941 to 1955 are 4000,5400,7000,4600,3800,5800,4900,7800,6400,5300,4700,5200,10000 and 5200 cumecs. Estimate the magnitude of flood having frequency equal to (i) 100 years, (ii) 300 years. The ỹn = 0.5128 and Sn=1.0206.

Explain the history and development of Irrigation in India?

Define the Classification of irrigation projects?

Explain design and evaluation of drip irrigation systems?

Explain design of water conveyance systems including control structures?

What is irrigation scheduling?

What are efficiencies of irrigation systems?

What are the different Sources of irrigation water?

Define the process measurement of irrigation water.

Case Studies