Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II – (Theory)
Teacher
Mr. Satish Kanhar
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II
Code(Credit): BPHT2101 (4-0-0)
Course Objectives
This subject deals with general methods of preparation and reactions of some organic compounds. The reactivity of organic compounds are also studied here. The syllabus emphasizes on mechanisms and orientation of reactions. Chemistry of fats and oils are also included in the syllabus.
Course Outcomes
| CO | Statements | PO MAPPING |
| CO-1 | Able to acquire knowledge about pharmaceutical organic compounds, with emphasis on their synthetic process, physical and chemical properties and compare them with each other | PO1, PO2, PO11 |
| CO-2 | Able to write mechanisms involved in various reactions that could help the students to understand the synthesis of higher organic compounds. | PO1, PO2, PO5, PO11 |
| CO-3 | Account for reactivity/stability of compounds, | PO1, PO2, PO11 |
| CO-4 | Identify/confirm the identification of organic compound | PO1, PO2, PO11 |
| CO-5 | Able to analyze various reactions for the synthesis of higher organic compounds. | PO1, PO2, PO5, PO11 |
Course Syllabus
Module I
Benzene and its derivatives
A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule
B. Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenationreactivity, Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation.
C. Substituents, the effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of monosubstituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction
D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine
Module II
• Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols
• Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
• Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid.
Module III
• Fats and Oils
a. Fatty acids – reactions.
b. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils.
c. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination.
Module IV
• Polynuclear hydrocarbons:
a. Synthesis, reactions
b. Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives
Module V
• Cyclo alkanes*
Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only
Session Plan
Session 1
Analytical, synthetic and other evidence in the derivation of the structure of benzene, Text Note: Synthetic and Spectral Evidences of Structure of benzene,
Further Reading: Benzene Structure and its evidence, Video Link: Evidence of Structure of Benzene
Session 2
Orbital picture, Video Link: Orbital Structure of Benzene, Resonance in Benzene, Aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule, Text Note: Aromaticity of Benzene, Aromaticity of Arenes
Session 3
Reactions of benzene - Electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene, Video Link: Electrophilic Substitution reaction of Benzene, nitration, sulphonation, halogenation reactivity, Video Link: Halogenation reaction of Benzene
Session 4
Friedel crafts alkylation- reactivity, Text Note: EAS reactions_Friedel crafts alkylation and acylation, Friedelcrafts acylation, limitations, Text Note: Limitations of Friedel-Craft's reaction
Session 5
Substituents, the effect of substituents on reactivity, Text Note: The Effect of Substituents on Reactivity, The Effect of Substituents on Orientation, The Effect of Substituents on pKa. Video Link: The Effect of Substituents on Reactivity, The Effect of Substituents on Orientation, The Effect of Substituents on pKa.
Session 6
Structure and uses of DDT, Text Note: DDT, Saccharin, Text Note:Saccharin
Structure and uses of BHC, Chloramine, Text Note: BHC, Chloramine
Session 7
Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, the effect of substituents on acidity, Text Note: Acidity of Substituted Phenols - Chemistry LibreTexts, Effect of substituents on Acidity of Phenol. Video Link: https://youtu.be/h-dXz6E-kBw
Session 8
Qualitative tests, Text Note: Qualitative Test for Phenol, Structure, and uses of phenol, Text Note: Phenols and Their Uses - Chemistry LibreTexts Video Link: https://youtu.be/HSGlfbV7W84
Session 9
Preparation and chemical reactions of Phenol, Text Note: Phenol Preparation and Chemical reactions
Session 13
Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, Text note: Aromatic Amines_Basicity of amines_effect of substituents on basicity and synthetic uses of aryldiazonium salts, the effect of substituents on basicity. Video Link: https://youtu.be/T3EdL1vs48Q
Session 15
Synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts, Text Note: Aryl diazonium salt, Also see session - 13 note
Session 16
Aromatic Acids* – Acidity, the effect of substituents on acidity, Text Note: Aromatic Acids and Effect of substitution on aromaticity. Video Link: https://youtu.be/H3c9TIGxaVk
Session 18
Fats and Oils: Reactions of Fatty acids-Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Text Note: Reactions of Fatty acid
Session 17
Preparation and chemical reactions of Benzoic Acid, Text Note: Preparation and Chemical reactions of Benzoic acid
Session 19
Reactions of fatty acid: Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils, Text Link: Reactions of Fats and Oils
Session 20
Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value – significance and principle involved in their determination, Text Link: Reactions of Fats and Oils
Session 21
Analytical constants – Ester value, Iodine value – significance and principle involved in their determination, Text Link: Reactions of Fats and Oils
Session 22
Analytical constants – Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination, Text Link: Reactions of Fats and Oils
Session 23
Polynuclear hydrocarbons: Structure, Synthesis, reactions, and medicinal uses of Naphthalene. Text Note: Napthalene-Structure Properties and Uses
Session 24
Polynuclear hydrocarbons: Structure, Synthesis, reactions, and medicinal uses of Phenanthrene. Text Note: Phenanthrene_Structure Properties and Uses
Session 25
Polynuclear hydrocarbons: Structure, Synthesis, reactions, and medicinal uses of Anthracene. Text Note: Anthracene_Structure-Properties-and-Uses
Session 26
Polynuclear hydrocarbons: Structure, Synthesis, reactions, and medicinal uses of Diphenylmethane.
Session 27
Polynuclear hydrocarbons: Structure, Synthesis, reactions, and medicinal uses of Triphenylmethane.
Session 28
Cycloalkanes: Structure and Stability, Text Note: Stability in cycloalkanes Video Link: https://youtu.be/b0QJdfJku9w
Session 29
Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory. Text Note: Cycloalkane_Bayer Strain Theory and Limitation of Bayer Strain Theory Video Link: https://youtu.be/MsiYYr1kv-I
Session 30
Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings). Text Note: Refer Text note of Session-29. Video Link: https://youtu.be/gHZGKFf1Qc4
Session 31
Preparation and Chemical Reactions of cyclopropane. Text Note: Preparation and Chemical Properties of Cyclopropane and Cyclobutane
Session 32
Preparation and Chemical Reactions of cyclobutane. Text Note: Preparation and Chemical Properties of Cyclopropane and Cyclobutane
Book References
1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I
3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
4. Organic Chemistry by P.L.Soni
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