Fundamentals of Microbiology

Teacher

Shirsak Mondal

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Fundamentals of Microbiology

Code(Credit) : FSHM 1107 (2-1-0)

Course Objectives

  •  To impart knowledge on aquatic microorganisms with reference to their role in the aquatic environment and bioprospecting.
    To impart knowledge of the basic principles of bacteriology, virology, pathogenic microorganisms, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis.
    To acquire requisite skill in the use and care of basic microbiological equipment; performance of basic laboratory procedures in microbiology.

Course Outcomes

Upon completion of the course, student will be able to achieve the following outcomes:

CO-1 : To be able to understand the structure and function of bacterial cells and viruses.     PO1, PO2, PO3, PO4

CO-2 : To perform different culture techniques and methods adopted in microbiology.     PO1, PO3, PO4

CO-3 : Understand the processes used by microorganisms for their replication, survival, and interaction with their environment, hosts, and host populations.     PO1, PO2, PO3, PO4

 

PO1 : Knowledge enhancement

PO2Professional and Entrepreneurial Skill development

PO3 :  Critical thinking 

PO4 : Problem Solving

Program Outcome

PO-1: Knowledge enhancement: Enhanced knowledge on concepts, essential facts, basics, principles and theories relating to fishery biology, biodiversity and aquatic environment, aquaculture, fish nutrition, fish physiology, genetics and biotechnology, fish processing, fisheries engineering, fish microbiology, fishery extension, economics, and biostatistics.

PO-2: Professional and Entrepreneurial Skill development: Understanding the value and processes of life-long learning and professional enhancement and entrepreneurship development.

PO-3: Critical thinking: After identifying the assumptions from the subject, take informed actions to frame the thinking and check out the degree to which these assumptions are accurate and valid, and look at our ideas and decisions (intellectual, organizational, and personal) from different perspectives.

PO-4:  Problem Solving: solve the problems from concerned disciplines using the knowledge, skills and attitude acquired from various disciplines in fisheries science.

PO-5: Environment and Sustainability: Understand the issues of environmental contexts and sustainable development.

PO-6: Data Handling and computational skills: Collect, analyze and interpret biological and scientific data for the scientific and farming community with the help of computer-based programmes.

PO-7: Communication and Extension Skills: Develop appropriate communication skills for effective transfer of knowledge and technologies through extension activities.

PO-8: Team Work: Play effective roles in capture, culture, management, financial and marketing of fish produce.

PO-9: Ethics: Application of ethical principles and commitment to professional ethics and responsibilities.

Course Syllabus

Theory

Unit 1. Milestones in microbiology. Contributions of Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Alexander Flemming, Joseph Lister, Winogradsky.

Unit 2. Microscopy- Principle and construction of Brightfield, dark field, phase contrast, stereo, SEM and TEM.

Unit 3. Microbial taxonomy –Bergy’s and molecular taxonomy. Types of Microorganisms: Prokaryotes– Morphology and ultrastructure of bacterial cell. General features, types and importance of viruses, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, archae, mycoplasma, rickettsiae.Eukaryotes – Diagnostic features and importance of fungi and protozoa.

Unit 4. Microbial Techniques - Types of media, types of sterilization - physical and chemical agents, cultivation of microorganisms, staining techniques – simple, differential, structural staining; enumeration of micro-organisms, culture preservation methods.

Unit 5. Bacterial metabolism: Nutrient requirements, nutritional types, bacterial photosynthesis and their ecological significance.

Unit6. Microbial growth: Growth phases, measurement of cell growth, factors affecting growth- influence of physico-chemical factors - pH, temperature, moisture, light, osmotic pressure, fermentation- types and significance.

Unit 7. Microbial genetics- general principles, genetic recombination, transformation, transduction and conjugation.  Plasmids- types and their importance. Mutation–types and significance.

Unit 8. Microbial ecology: Introduction and types of interaction, extremophiles and their significance.

Unit 9. Aquatic Microbiology: Introduction and scope of aquatic microbiology, aquatic environment habitat for microorganisms - bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, parasites and viruses; distribution of microorganisms and their biomass in rivers, lakes, sea and sediment. Influence of physical, chemical and biological factors on aquatic microbes. Microbial biofilms. Role of microbes in the production and breakdown of organic matter. Role of microbes in sedimentation and mineralization process. Nutrient cycles-carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, iron, and manganese cycles. Sewage microbiology, self purification in natural waters, sewage treatment, drinking water microbiology, sanitary quality of water for aquaculture, bio-remediators. Economic significance of aquatic microbes.

 

 

Practical

Handling of microscopes, Wet mount, smear and hanging drop preparations Micrometry-Determination of size of micro organisms (ocular, stage micrometers). Tools and techniques in sterilization methods: Filteration, dry heat, moist heat, chemical agents Cultivation technique: Media preparation, Isolation -pure culture, subculture. Observation of fungi, blue-green algae, and protozoans. Staining techniques for bacteria– simple, differential, structural and Biochemical tests: Indole, methyl red, Voges Proskauer, citrate test, oxidase test, catalase tests. Collection of water and sediment samples for microbiological analysis, Winogradsky cylinder, Isolation, identification and enumeration of various groups of microorganisms from different water bodies including aquaculture systems.

Study of bacteria involved in nutrient cycles. Biofilms, water testing for potability, enumeration of coliform. Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria - antibiotic sensitivity test – disc diffusion method.

References

Brock Biology of Micro organisms - Michael T.Madigan, John M.Martnko, Jack Parker
Microbiology ----Lancing M.Prescott, John P Harley, Donald A. Klein
Microbiology – Michel J plelczar /Jr.E.C.S.Chan, Noel R.Krieg
Microbiology essentials and applications ---Larry Mc Kane / Judy Kandel
Fundamentals ,principles of bacteriology --- A.J.salle
General Microbiology --Hans G.Schlegel
Microbiology –A laboratory manual ----------James G.Cappuccine, Netelie Sherman

Session Plan

Session 1 

Milestones in Microbiology

PDF link: FM ppt-1

Video link:Milestones in microbiology

Session 2

Microscopy

PDF link: FM ppt-2

Video link:Microscopy

Session 3

Microscopy

PDF link: FM ppt-3

Video link:Bright field microscopy

Session 4

Microscopy

PDF link: FM ppt-4

Video link:Phase contrast microscopy

Session 5

Microbial Taxonomy

PDF link: FM ppt-5

Video link:Microbial taxonomy

Session 6

Microbial Taxonomy

PDF link: FM ppt-6

Video link:Microbial classification

Session 7

Types of Microorganisms

PDF link: FM ppt-7

Video link:Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes,

Session 8

Types of Microorganisms

PDF link: FM ppt-8

PDF link:Virus structure

Session 9

Types of Microorganisms

PDF link: FM ppt-9

Video link:Cyanobacteria

Session 10

Types of Microorganisms

PDF link: FM ppt-10

Video link:Fungi

Session 11

Microbial Techniques

PDF link: FM ppt-11

Video link:Bacteria preparation- hanging drop method

Session 12

Microbial Techniques- Types of microbiological media and their preparations

PDF link: FM ppt-12

Video link:Bacterial culture media

Session 13

Microbial Techniques- Sterilization methods - Physical and Chemical

PDF link: FM ppt-13

Video link:Sterilization

Session 14

Microbial Techniques- Isolation of pure culture

PDF link:Pure culture isolation

Session 15

Microbial metabolism

PDF link: FM ppt-15

Video link:Microbial metabolism

Session 16

Microbial Growth

PDF link: FM ppt-16

Video link:Bacterial growth

Session 17

Microbial Genetics

PDF link: FM ppt-17

Video link:Microbial genetics

Session 18

Microbial Genetics- Mutation: Types and their significance

PDF link: FM ppt-18

Video link:Mutation

Session 19

Microbial Ecology

PDF link: FM ppt-19

Video link:Microbial ecology

Session 20

Theory 20:  Aquatic Microbiology-  Aquatic microorganisms-Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, fungi

PDF link: FM ppt-20

Video link:Aquatic microbiololgy

Session 21

Aquatic Microbiology-  Aquatic algae, parasites, and viruses

PDF link: FM ppt-21

Video link:Microorganisms

Session 22

Aquatic Microbiology-  Influence of physical, chemical and biological factors on aquatic microbes

PDF link: FM ppt-22

Video link:Factors affecting bacterial growth

Session 23

Aquatic Microbiology-  Microbial bio-film

PDF link: FM ppt-23

Video link:Bio-film formation

Session 24

Aquatic Microbiology-  Role of microbes in sedimentation and mineralization process

PDF link: FM ppt-24

Video link:
Mineralization process

Session 25

Aquatic Microbiology-  Nutrient cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulphur

PDF link: FM ppt-25

Video link:Nutrient cycles

Session 26

Aquatic Microbiology-  Nutrient cycles: Phosphorus, iron and manganese cycles

PDF link: FM ppt-26

Video link:Phosphorus cycle

Session 27

Aquatic Microbiology- Sewage microbiology

PDF link: FM ppt-27

Video link:Wastewater microbiology

Session 28

Sewage treatment

PDF link: FM ppt-28

Video link:Sewage treatment

Session 29

Sanitary quality of water for Aquaculture

PDF link: FM ppt-29

Video link:Water quality parameters

Session 30

Bioremediators

PDF link: FM ppt-30

Video link:Bioremediation

Session 31

Economic significance of aquatic microbes

PDF link: FM ppt-31

Video link:Microbes of economic importance in Aquaculture

Session 32

Commercially important microbes

PDF link: FM ppt-32

Video link:Commercially important microbes

Practical

Session 1

Different types of microscopes and their parts, Handling of Microscopes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnOvLEaC4gg

Session 2

Session 3

Session 4

Session 5

Session 6 

Session 7

Staining techniques for bacteria, simple and differential staining

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaOJDG_PnDQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Oyv6o4jwdw

Session 8

Session 9

Session 10

Collection of water sample for microbial Analysis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x9TJRwazlk

Session 11

Collection of sediment sample for microbial analysis.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CzV6GUmR78

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QssXtJ1oeNc

Session 12

Isolation of bacteria from collected water sample

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWPDVBX8EA8

Session 13

Enumeration of bacteria by spread plate method

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwPZhsyMI9M

Session 14

Isolation and pure culture through streak plate method

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bm99zrq3ijo

Session 15

Sub-culture, Storage of bacteria, Preparation of glycerol-stock

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKrl6tun5SY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNvtAjeNqTM

Session 16

Revision and Doubt-Clearing session

Question Bank

Question Bank

Assignments

  1. Prepare timeline of discoveries in microbiology
  2. Describe the growth cycle of Bacteria
  3. Different Culture Techniques of Bacteria
  4. Different Staining Techniques available in Microbiology
  5. Chemical agents used for sterilization in microbiology
  6.  Biosafety levels and their  significance
  7. Aseptic techniques
  8. various sterilization Processes
  9. Parts of Microscope
  10. Various types of microscopes and their relevant uses.

Revised Content

  • NA

Our Main Teachers

Shirsak Mondal

Assistant Professor
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Mr. Shirsak Mondal has attended West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, WB and received B.F.Sc degree in the year 2019. He has completed M.F.Sc in Aquatic Animal Health Management form ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education in the year of 2021. He has worked as Senior Research Fellow in ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries […]