Limnology: Study of Inland Water bodies

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Limnology

Limnology

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Mr. Chandan Haldar

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Course Name : Limnology

Code(Credit) : FSEM 1203(2-1-0)

Course Objectives

  • To study about the Inland Water bodies
  • To know about history and development of Limnology
  • To Know Distribution and dynamics of freshwater bodies
  • To know Classification and general characteristics of lotic and lentic water bodies.

Learning Outcomes

  • The general aim of the course is to give students knowledge of relevance for their future career in limnology, in research or with an applied focus. On completion of the course, the student should be able to:analyse and evaluate abiotic and biotic conditions in aquatic systems
  • a) account for structure and dynamics in biogeochemical cycles and organism communities
  • b) carry out basic sampling and analyses in freshwater field/laboratory systems
  • c) plan and carry out experiment/field studies
  • d) present and evaluate experiment/field studies both orally and in writing.

Course Syllabus

  • Theory
  • Introduction to limnology: inland water types, their characteristics and distribution; ponds and lakes; streams and rivers; dynamics of lentic and lotic environments. Lakes - their origin and diversity. Famous lakes of the world and India; nature of lake environment; morphometry, physical and chemical conditions and related phenomena; biological relations: influence of physical and chemical conditions on living organisms in inland waters. Plankton: planktonic organisms; classification of plankton; distribution of plankton: geographic, vertical, horizontal and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton; seasonal changes of body form in planktonic organisms; food of planktonic organisms; primary productivity: Aquatic plants: characterstics, classification, zonation, seasonal variations, quantity produced chemical composition distribution in different waters, limnological role. Nekton: composition, distribution, movements. Benthos: classification; periphyton; zonation; distribution; movements and migration; seasonal changes in benthos, profundal bottom fauna. Biological productivity: circulation of food material; classification of lakes based on productivity; laws of minimum; biotic potential and environmental resistance; quantitative relationships in a standing crop; trophic dynamics; successional phenomena; indices of productivity of lakes; artificial enrichment. Lotic environments: running waters in general; physical conditions; classification of lotic environments, biological conditions; productivity of lotic environments. influence of currents; plant growth; plankton; nekton; benthos; temporary and head waters streams; ecological succession.
  • Practical
  • Morphometry of lakes, ponds and streams. Determination of physical characteristics of lentic water bodies. Determination of chemical characteristics of lentic water bodies. Determination of physical characteristics of lotic water bodies. Determination of chemical characteristics of lotic water bodies. Collection and identification of fresh water phytoplankton. Enumeration and biomass estimation of freshwater phytoplankton. Estimation of primary productivity in fresh water bodies. Collection and identification of fresh water zooplankton. Enumeration and biomass estimation of fresh water zooplankton. Collection and identification of benthos from lakes and ponds, streams and canals. Collection and identification of nekton/aquatic insects from freshwater bodies. Collection and identification of aquatic plants from different fresh water bodies. Field visit to lotic and lentic water bodies.
  • Reference Book
  • Meteorology -- R.Ghadekar
  • Physical geography ---- Indra Singh
  • Meteorology ----DrJaman Joseph (CIFNET)
  • Tropical meteorology ----H.Rahil
  • Physical geography (Oceanography) --- Bharadwaj

Session Plan

Session 1

Introduction to limnology: inland water types, their characteristics and distribution; ponds and lakes; streams and rivers; dynamics of lentic and lotic environments.

Limnology Introduction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcCQ5Vkn3No

Session 2

  • Ecology of lake
  • Lake Morphology
  • Lake Zonation

Lake Details

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yr8ErXP1erM

Session 3

Practical-Determination of pH, Dissolved Oxygen, free CO2 , total alkalinity and hardness

do

Session 4

Famous lakes of the world, Largest by continent, Other Notable lakes of the world

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mX_AN-QyXYU

Session 5

  • Primary productivity
  • Definition, photosynthesis, respiration, gross primary productivity, net primary productivity
  • Methods of estimation of primary productivity
  • Factors influencing primary productivity

pp

Session 6

Practical-Determination of BOD and COD

bod

Session 7

Plankton: planktonic organisms; classification of plankton; distribution of plankton: geographic, vertical, horizontal and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton

plankton

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NiiJ7X322U

Session 8

Aquatic plants
Characteristics, classification, zonation, seasonal relations, quantity produces
Chemical composition, distribution in different waters and its limnological role

plant

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rV8v2PSgj8c

Session 9

Practical-Collection and identification of fresh water phytoplankton

Identification of phytoplankton

Session 10

Session 11

Benthos: classification; periphyton; zonation; distribution; movements and migration; seasonal changes in benthos, profundal bottom fauna.

Session 12

Practical-Collection and identification of freshwater zooplankton

Identification of zooplankton

Session 13

Biological productivity: circulation of food material; classification of lakes based on productivity

ppt8 biological pro

Session 14

Biological relations of living organisms
Shoreline, Relation of photosynthetic and decomposition zones
Relation of slope and the deeper decomposition zone, Productive volume

Session 15

Biological relations of living organisms
Symbiosis, Mutualism, Parasitism,Commensalism, Predation or grazing Competitive,
Auto and allo-inhibition, Auto and allo-stimulation
Impacts of human beings on algae

ppt8 biological pro

Session 16

Practical-Collection and identification of aquatic plants from different fresh water bodies

Indentification of aquatic plants

Session 17

Physical characteristics of inland waters
Pressure, Compressibility, Density, Mobility(viscosity),
Surface film, Colour, Turbidity- Effects of materials in suspension

ppt9physical

Session 18

  • Chemical characteristics of inland waters
  • Dissolved gases- definition, solubility of dissolve gases & factors affecting the solubility
    Dissolved Oxygen(O2)- causes of oxygen reduction, Principle of Diel oxygen change
     Dissolved carbon dioxide- sources, causes of reduction of carbon dioxide in freshwaters.

ppt10chemical

Session 19

  • Chemical characteristics of inland waters
  • Dissolved Solids and inorganic matter: Solubility of solids in water, Major ions in
    freshwaters Dissolved inorganic solids- Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon etc. Other Elements:- Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron and Manganese, Chloride, Dissolved Organic Matter

ppt10chemical

Session 20

Practical-Measurement of turbidity and transparency of water

turbidity

Session 21

Ecology of streams, rivers, reservoirs and tanks
Streams-Introduction, Physical and Chemical conditions
River- topography, ecology, flooding

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4182841/

Session 22

Reservoirs-Introduction, topography, physical and chemical conditions
Tanks- introduction, topography, physical and chemical conditions.

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4182841/

Session 23

Lakes: their origin and diversity
Thermal classification of lakes

ppt3lake,river

Session 24

Size & depth of lake, Lake margin, Nature of margin
Shore dynamics, Lake bottom, Diversity of lake..

ppt3lake,river

Session 25

Practical-Collection, identification, quantitative and qualitative estimation of benthos of lake

benthos

Session 26

Lotic environments
Running waters in general
Physical conditions and chemical conditions
Classification of lotic environments

benthos

Session 27

Lotic environments
Biological conditions and productivity of lotic environments
Influence of currents on plant growth
Plankton, benthos and ecological succession

benthos

Session 28

Practical-Collection & identification of aquatic insect from freshwater bodies

insect

Case Studies

Case Studies

Our Main Teachers

    Mr. Chandan Haldar is working as Assistant Professor in the School of Fisheries, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi Campus, Odisha. He has completed his M.F.Sc from ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra India and his Ph. D. thesis topic is “Identification of Growth Associated SNPs in Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) […]