Experimental Aerodynamics

Teacher

Dr. Sangram Samal

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Experimental Aerodynamics

Code(Credit) : CUTM1102(2-1-0)

Course Objectives

  • To provide knowledge about different types of wind tunnel and limitations
  • Knowledge about experimental instruments.
  • To describe flow visualization techniques and to highlight in depth discussion of analog methods.

Learning Outcomes

  • To provide about the subsonic and high speed wind tunnel
  • To provide Knowledge on measurement techniques in aerodynamic flow
  • To cover both operating and application procedures of hot wire anemometer.
  • To describe flow visualization techniques and to highlight in depth discussion of analog methods.

Course Syllabus

Module I:  Subsonic wind tunnels                            ( 4 hrs)

Non-dimensional numbers Layout of open circuit and closed circuit subsonic wind tunnels – design parameters-energy ratio - HP calculations. Calibration

Practice- Calibration of subsonic wind tunnel

 Module II: Instruments and measurement in subsonic flow (5 hrs)

Pressure, velocity and temperature instruments and measurements, Force measurements – types of balances, Three component and six component balances. Wind tunnel balance (Wire balance,  Strut-type, Platform-type , Yoke-type -Pyramid type) and  Strain gauge balance

Practice- Lift, Drag and moment measurement by using six component balances

 Module III: High Sped Wind tunnel  (5 hrs)

Blow down, in draft and induction tunnel layouts and their design features, Transonic, supersonic and hypersonic tunnels, their peculiarities and calibration. Helium and gun tunnels, Shock tubes,

 Module IV:  Experiments In High Speed Tunnels ( 4 hrs)

Mach number estimation in test section by pressure measurement and using a wedge – preliminary estimates of blowing and running pressures, nozzle area ratios, mass flow for a given test section size and Mach number.

Practice- Velocity and pressure distribution in a supersonic nozzle.

Module V: Special problem in testing              (4 hrs)                                                                                             

Pitot-static tube correction for subsonic and supersonic Mach numbers. Geometric, dynamic and  kinematic similarity. Solid blockage, horizontal bounce, Calibration of instruments.

Practice- Velocity and pressure distribution in a supersonic diffuser

Module VI:  Hot wire anemometer and laser Doppler anemometer (4 hrs)                                                                                                    

Hot wire anemometer and laser Doppler anemometer for turbulence and velocity measurements-Use of thermocouples and pyrometers for measurement of static and total temperatures-Use of pressure transducers, Rotameters and ultrasonic flow meters.

Practice- - boundary layer velocity profile on a flat plate using Hot wire anemometer

 Module VII: Flow Visualization Methods        (4 hrs)                                                                                                    

Smoke and Tuft grid techniques – Dye injection special techniques – Optical methods of  flow visualization.

Practice- Flow Visualization in subsonic and supersonic flow (Smoke technique in subsonic and Schlieren systems in supersonic flow.

Text Books:
  1. Name of Author, Title, Publication, Edition
  2. Rae W.H and Pope. A “Low speed wind tunnel testing” John Wiley Publication, 1984
  3. Rathakrishnan. E “Instrumentation, Measurement and Experiments in Fluids”, CRC Press, London, 2007
Reference Books:
  1. A and Goin. L “High speed wind tunnel testing” John Wiley, 1985
  2. Bradsaw “Experimental Fluid Mechanics”, Elsevier, 2nd edition, 1970.

    Source of reference;NSQF – Level 6

Session Plan

Session 1

Session 2

Session 3

design parameters-energy ratio - HP calculations

Session 4

Calibration of wind tunnel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNdiPFmG9L0

Session 5

Practice- Calibration of subsonic wind tunnel

Session 6

Pressure, velocity and temperature measurements

Pressure, velocity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvMTQdb3yKg&t=245s

Session 8

Session 9

Different type of wind tunnel balance

Force and WindTunnel Balance

Session 10

Three component and six component balances

Session 11

Wire balance,  Strut-type, Platform-type , Yoke-type -Pyramid type

Session 12

Strain gauge balance (external, internal)

Session 13

Practice- Lift, Drag and moment measurement by using six component balances

Session 14

Blow down tunnel layouts and their design features

Blow down-converted

Session 15

in draft and induction type wind tunnel

In Draft W-T-converted

Session 16

Transonic and hypersonic tunnels

Transonic-converted

Session 17

Helium and gun tunnels, Shock tubes

High Speed WindTunnel-converted

Session 18

Mach number estimation in test section by pressure measurement

Session 19

Mach number estimation in test section by other method

Session 20

mass flow for a given test section size and Mach number.

mass flow-converted

Session 21

preliminary estimates of blowing and running pressures

Pressure Ratio-converted

Session 22

Practice- Velocity and pressure distribution in a supersonic nozzle.

Session 23

correction for subsonic and supersonic Mach numbers

Session 24

Geometric, dynamic and  kinematic similarity

Modeling Similarity

Session 25

Solid blockage, horizontal bounce

Session 26

Calibration of instruments

Session 27

Practice- Velocity and pressure distribution in a supersonic diffuser

Session 28

Session 29

Session 30

pressure transducers, Claw yaw meter,  Yaw sphere

Session 31

Rotameters and ultrasonic flow meters

Session 32

Practice- - boundary layer velocity profile on a flat plate using Hot wire anemometer

Session 34

Dye injection special techniques

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RadGavdgKAk

Session 35

Optical methods of flow visualization (The Schlieren method, The Shadowgraph method)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ng4XMEWUCLI&t=307s

WindTunnel Techniques 4

Session 36

Practice- Flow Visualization in subsonic and supersonic flow (Smoke technique in subsonic and Schlieren systems in supersonic flow.

Case Studies

Case Studies

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